| Abstract | The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is vital in water-scarce semi-arid regions. However, concerns arise regarding emerging contaminants (ECs) that persist in treated wastewater and may accumulate in irrigated crops, potentially entering the food chain and the environment. This pilot-scale study conducted in southern Italy focused on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Taylor F1) irrigated with treated wastewater to investigate EC uptake, accumulation, and translocation processes. The experiment spanned from June to September 2021 and involved three irrigation strategies: conventional water (FW), treated wastewater spiked with 10 target contaminants at the European average dose (TWWx1), and tertiary WWTP effluent spiked with the target contaminants at a triple dose (TWWx3). The results showed distinct behavior and distribution of ECs between the TWWx1 and TWWx3 strategies. In the TWWx3 strategy, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, metoprolol, fluconazole, and climbazole exhibited interactions with the soil-plant system, with varying degradation rates, soil accumulation rates, and plant accumulation rates. In contrast, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim showed degradation. These findings imply that some ECs may be actively taken up by plants, potentially introducing them into the food chain and raising concerns for humans and the environment. |
| Text | 486266 2023 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238163 emerging contaminants EC wastewater irrigation water reuse plant uptake tomato soil contamination Uptake and accumulation of emerging contaminants in processing tomato irrigated with tertiary treated wastewater effluent a pilot scale study Michele Denora, Vincenzo Candido, Gennaro Brunetti, Francesco De Mastro, Sapia Murgolo, Cristina De Ceglie, Carlo Salerno, Giuseppe Gatta, Marcella Michela Giuliani, Andi Mehmeti, Ruud P. Bartholomeus, Michele Perniola Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, Matera, Italy; Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Bari, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering DAFNE , University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Mediterranean Agronomic Insitute of Bari CIHEAM Bari , Valenzano, Italy; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, Netherlands The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is vital in water scarce semi arid regions. However, concerns arise regarding emerging contaminants ECs that persist in treated wastewater and may accumulate in irrigated crops, potentially entering the food chain and the environment. This pilot scale study conducted in southern Italy focused on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Taylor F1 irrigated with treated wastewater to investigate EC uptake, accumulation, and translocation processes. The experiment spanned from June to September 2021 and involved three irrigation strategies conventional water FW , treated wastewater spiked with 10 target contaminants at the European average dose TWWx1 , and tertiary WWTP effluent spiked with the target contaminants at a triple dose TWWx3 . The results showed distinct behavior and distribution of ECs between the TWWx1 and TWWx3 strategies. In the TWWx3 strategy, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, metoprolol, fluconazole, and climbazole exhibited interactions with the soil plant system, with varying degradation rates, soil accumulation rates, and plant accumulation rates. In contrast, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim showed degradation. These findings imply that some ECs may be actively taken up by plants, potentially introducing them into the food chain and raising concerns for humans and the environment. Published version http //dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1238163 The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is vital in water scarce semi arid regions. However, concerns arise regarding emerging contaminants ECs that persist in treated wastewater and may accumulate in irrigated crops, potentially entering the food chain and the environment. This pilot scale study conducted in southern Italy focused on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Taylor F1 irrigated with treated wastewater to investigate EC uptake, accumulation, and translocation processes. The experiment spanned from June to September 2021 and involved three irrigation strategies conventional water FW , treated wastewater spiked with 10 target contaminants at the European average dose TWWx1 , and tertiary WWTP effluent spiked with the target contaminants at a triple dose TWWx3 . The results showed distinct behavior and distribution of ECs between the TWWx1 and TWWx3 strategies. In the TWWx3 strategy, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, metoprolol, fluconazole, and climbazole exhibited interactions with the soil plant system, with varying degradation rates, soil accumulation rates, and plant accumulation rates. In contrast, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim showed degradation. These findings imply that some ECs may be actively taken up by plants, potentially introducing them into the food chain and raising concerns for humans and the environment. Articolo in rivista Frontiers Research Foundation, 1664 462X Frontiers in plant science Frontiers in plant science Frontiers in plant science Front. plant sci. sapia.murgolo MURGOLO SAPIA DE CEGLIE CRISTINA carlo.salerno SALERNO CARLO |
