| Title | Metagenome Analysis Reveals a Response of the Antibiotic Resistome to Mars-like Extraterrestrial Conditions |
| Abstract | The spread of antibiotic resistance is becoming a serious global health concern. Numerous studies have been done to investigate the dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in both indoor and outdoor environments. Nonetheless, few studies are available about the dynamics of the antibiotic resistome (total content of ARGs in the microbial cultures or communities) under stress in outer space environments. In this study, we aimed to experimentally investigate the dynamics of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in Kombucha Mutualistic Community (KMC) samples exposed to Mars-like conditions simulated during the BIOMEX experiment outside the International Space Station with analysis of the metagenomics data previously produced. Thus, we compared them with those of the respective non-exposed KMC samples. The antibiotic resistome responded to the Mars-like conditions by enriching its diversity with ARGs after exposure, which were not found in non-exposed samples (i.e., tet and van genes against tetracycline and vancomycin, respectively). Furthermore, ARGs and MRGs were correlated; therefore, their co-selection could be assumed as a mechanism for maintaining antibiotic resistance in Mars-like environments. Overall, these results highlight the high plasticity of the antibiotic resistome in response to extraterrestrial conditions and in the absence of anthropogenic stresses. |
| Source | Astrobiology (Larchmt. N.Y.) |
| Keywords | Antimicrobial resistanceExtraterrestrial environmentMetal resistanceKombucha multimicrobial community |
| Journal | Astrobiology (Larchmt. N.Y.) |
| Editor | Mary Ann Liebert,, Larchmont, N.Y., Stati Uniti d'America |
| Year | 2022 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1089/ast.2021.0176 |
| Authors | Sabatino, Raffaella; Sbaffi, Tomasa; Corno, Gianluca; de Carvalho, Daniel Santana; Uetanabaro, Ana Paula Trovatti; Goes-Neto, Aristoteles; Podolich, Olga; Kozyrovska, Natalia; de Vera, Jean-Pierre; Azevedo, Vasco; Barh, Debmalya; Di Cesare, Andrea |
| Text | 477469 2022 10.1089/ast.2021.0176 ISI Web of Science WOS 000816017400001 Antimicrobial resistance Extraterrestrial environment Metal resistance Kombucha multimicrobial community Metagenome Analysis Reveals a Response of the Antibiotic Resistome to Mars like Extraterrestrial Conditions Sabatino, Raffaella; Sbaffi, Tomasa; Corno, Gianluca; de Carvalho, Daniel Santana; Uetanabaro, Ana Paula Trovatti; Goes Neto, Aristoteles; Podolich, Olga; Kozyrovska, Natalia; de Vera, Jean Pierre; Azevedo, Vasco; Barh, Debmalya; Di Cesare, Andrea Natl Res Council Italy; Univ Fed Minas Gerais; Univ Estadual St Cruz; Inst Mol Biol Genet NASU; German Aerosp Ctr DLR; Univ Fed Minas Gerais; Inst Integrat Om Appl Biotechnol IIOAB; CNR The spread of antibiotic resistance is becoming a serious global health concern. Numerous studies have been done to investigate the dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes ARGs in both indoor and outdoor environments. Nonetheless, few studies are available about the dynamics of the antibiotic resistome total content of ARGs in the microbial cultures or communities under stress in outer space environments. In this study, we aimed to experimentally investigate the dynamics of ARGs and metal resistance genes MRGs in Kombucha Mutualistic Community KMC samples exposed to Mars like conditions simulated during the BIOMEX experiment outside the International Space Station with analysis of the metagenomics data previously produced. Thus, we compared them with those of the respective non exposed KMC samples. The antibiotic resistome responded to the Mars like conditions by enriching its diversity with ARGs after exposure, which were not found in non exposed samples i.e., tet and van genes against tetracycline and vancomycin, respectively . Furthermore, ARGs and MRGs were correlated; therefore, their co selection could be assumed as a mechanism for maintaining antibiotic resistance in Mars like environments. Overall, these results highlight the high plasticity of the antibiotic resistome in response to extraterrestrial conditions and in the absence of anthropogenic stresses. Published version Articolo in rivista Mary Ann Liebert, 1531 1074 Astrobiology Larchmt. N.Y. Astrobiology Larchmt. N.Y. Astrobiology Larchmt. N.Y. Astrobiology. Larchmt. N.Y. SABATINO RAFFAELLA SBAFFI TOMASA gianluca.corno CORNO GIANLUCA andrea.dicesare DI CESARE ANDREA |
