| Abstract | Featured Application: The interdisciplinary study performed here using physico-chemical, microbiological, and botanical methods performed on the King Djedefre wooden statue and on some surrounding burial soil samples provided key information for conservation and consolidation measures for the Egyptian statue. A recently discovered Egyptian wooden statue of King Djedefre was studied together with some surrounding burial soil samples for assessing the statue biodeterioration. The wooden morphological characterisation identified the hardwood Acacia nilotica as the wood type. X-ray diffraction, micro-FT-IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with an X-ray spectrometer were used to evaluate the wood deterioration degree and the soil contribution in wood biodeterioration. Microbiological analyses (fluorescent in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction) were also performed to detect the microbial attack on the statue. The prolonged interaction of the statue with the burial environment caused a strong wood decay due to biotic (fungi and bacteria) and abiotic factors (e.g., humidity fluctuations of the burial environment), which caused the severe cracking and collapsing of the wood structures. The analyses of the burial soil mineral composition were relevant for obtaining an overall picture of the statue deterioration. The results are useful for planning the right conservation procedures for this very particular and important wooden statue. Furthermore, analysis of the woody cell wall will help in the selection of appropriate consolidation and recovery treatments. Because the statue is a unique single piece of wood, and the morphological observations indicated that it is a bald woman in a sitting position, this statue will provide new and interesting knowledge of Egyptian culture. |
| Text | 472529 2022 10.3390/app12147020 Scopus 2 s2.0 85137224535 micro FT IR fluorescent in situ hybridisation weathering effect crystallinity of cellulose Abu Rawash statue burial soil analyses Biodeterioration Assessment of a Unique Old Pharaonic Kingdom Wooden Statue Using Advanced Diagnostic Techniques Atwa D.M.; Ibrahim S.; Stani C.; Birarda G.; Ali N.; Abdullah E.; Vaccari L.; Grenni P.; Visca A.; Badr Y.; Soliman W. Atwa D.M. Department of Laser Interaction with Matters, Laser Institute for Research and Applications, Beni Suef University,Egypt Ibrahim S. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Stani C. CERIC ERIC Central European Research Infrastructure Consortium, Trieste, Italy Birarda G. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy Ali N. Department of Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Egypt Abdullah E. Storages Museum of Pyramids Area, Projects Sector, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Giza, Egypt Vaccari L. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy Grenni P., Visca A. IRSA CNR Badr Y., Soliman W. Department of Laser Sciences and Interactions, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Featured Application The interdisciplinary study performed here using physico chemical, microbiological, and botanical methods performed on the King Djedefre wooden statue and on some surrounding burial soil samples provided key information for conservation and consolidation measures for the Egyptian statue. A recently discovered Egyptian wooden statue of King Djedefre was studied together with some surrounding burial soil samples for assessing the statue biodeterioration. The wooden morphological characterisation identified the hardwood Acacia nilotica as the wood type. X ray diffraction, micro FT IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with an X ray spectrometer were used to evaluate the wood deterioration degree and the soil contribution in wood biodeterioration. Microbiological analyses fluorescent in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction were also performed to detect the microbial attack on the statue. The prolonged interaction of the statue with the burial environment caused a strong wood decay due to biotic fungi and bacteria and abiotic factors e.g., humidity fluctuations of the burial environment , which caused the severe cracking and collapsing of the wood structures. The analyses of the burial soil mineral composition were relevant for obtaining an overall picture of the statue deterioration. The results are useful for planning the right conservation procedures for this very particular and important wooden statue. Furthermore, analysis of the woody cell wall will help in the selection of appropriate consolidation and recovery treatments. Because the statue is a unique single piece of wood, and the morphological observations indicated that it is a bald woman in a sitting position, this statue will provide new and interesting knowledge of Egyptian culture. 12 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85137224535 origin=inward 09/07/2022 Articolo pubblicato WoodenStatue_Dina_AppliedSciences.pdf Articolo in rivista Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2076 3417 Applied sciences Applied sciences Appl. sci. Applied sciences. VISCA ANDREA paola.grenni GRENNI PAOLA |
