| Title | Class 1 integron and Enterococcus spp. abundances in swine farms from the " Suckling piglets" to the "Fatteners" production category |
| Abstract | Swine farms are considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance and may contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria into the environment as well as to farm workers. In this study, swine fecal samples have been collected over the primary production, selecting three categories, i.e., "Suckling piglets", "Weaning pigs" and "Fatteners", in six intensive swine farms, for two years. Feces were analysed for the detection and abundance of class 1 integrons (used as proxy of antibiotic resistance and of anthropogenic pollution), and of enterococci [fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and potentially pathogenic for humans] by quantitative Real Time PCR. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated, analysed for the presence of the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR and genetically typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Both enterococci and class 1 integrons were significantly more abundant in the Suckling piglets (p = 0.0316 and 0.0242, respectively). About 8% of the isolated enterococci were positive for the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR. E. faecalis and E. faecium were found genetically heterogeneous and no specific pattern could be identified as the driver for their presence along the pig primary production. These findings suggest that the "Suckling piglets" category of production represents the key point where to mitigate the risk of transmission of enterococci and class 1 integrons with associated antibiotic resistance genes to humans and spread into the environment. |
| Source | Veterinary microbiology (Amst., Print) 274 (109576) |
| Keywords | intI1 |
| Journal | Veterinary microbiology (Amst., Print) |
| Editor | Elsevier, New York ;, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2022 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109576Get |
| Authors | Andrea Di Cesare, Emanuela Frangipani, Barbara Citterio, Raffaella Sabatino, Gianluca Corno, Diego Fontaneto, Gianmarco Mangiaterra, Daniela Bencardino, Simona Zoppi, Alessia Di Blasio, Rosanna Desiato, Giuseppe Ru, Daniela Marchis |
| Text | 471149 2022 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109576Get intI1 Class 1 integron and Enterococcus spp. abundances in swine farms from the Suckling piglets to the Fatteners production category Andrea Di Cesare, Emanuela Frangipani, Barbara Citterio, Raffaella Sabatino, Gianluca Corno, Diego Fontaneto, Gianmarco Mangiaterra, Daniela Bencardino, Simona Zoppi, Alessia Di Blasio, Rosanna Desiato, Giuseppe Ru, Daniela Marchis Water Research Institute IRSA MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR National Research Council of Italy, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d Aosta, Torino, Italy S.C. Sanita Animale, Servizio Veterinario ASL TO3, Pinerolo, Torino, Italy Swine farms are considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance and may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria into the environment as well as to farm workers. In this study, swine fecal samples have been collected over the primary production, selecting three categories, i.e., Suckling piglets , Weaning pigs and Fatteners , in six intensive swine farms, for two years. Feces were analysed for the detection and abundance of class 1 integrons used as proxy of antibiotic resistance and of anthropogenic pollution , and of enterococci fecal indicator bacteria FIB and potentially pathogenic for humans by quantitative Real Time PCR. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated, analysed for the presence of the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR and genetically typed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Both enterococci and class 1 integrons were significantly more abundant in the Suckling piglets p = 0.0316 and 0.0242, respectively . About 8% of the isolated enterococci were positive for the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR. E. faecalis and E. faecium were found genetically heterogeneous and no specific pattern could be identified as the driver for their presence along the pig primary production. These findings suggest that the Suckling piglets category of production represents the key point where to mitigate the risk of transmission of enterococci and class 1 integrons with associated antibiotic resistance genes to humans and spread into the environment. 274 Published version https //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113522002450 via%3Dihub adc 1 s2.0 S0378113522002450 main.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0378 1135 Veterinary microbiology Amst., Print Veterinary microbiology Amst., Print Vet. microbiol. Amst., Print Veterinary microbiology. Amst., Print SABATINO RAFFAELLA gianluca.corno CORNO GIANLUCA diego.fontaneto FONTANETO DIEGO andrea.dicesare DI CESARE ANDREA |
