| Title | Species conservation profiles of the endemic spiders Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from the Alps and the north-western Dinarides |
| Abstract | The genus Troglohyphantes Joseph, 1882 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) includes 131 species, mainly distributed across the main European mountain ranges. The Alps and the north- western Dinarides account for 66 species, most of them showing narrow or even point-like distributions. The majority of Troglohyphantes spiders dwell in subterranean habitats including caves, mines, soil litter, rocky debris and other moist and shaded retreats. Despite being intensively studied from taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic standpoints, knowledge on the status of conservation and on the potential risk of extinction of these spiders is lagging. To date, only three species have been included in the global IUCN Red List, but their status has not been updated ever since their last assessment in 1996. The aim of this contribution is to assess the Alpine and north-western Dinaric species of the genus Troglohyphantes and to re-assess the species previously evaluated, according to the last version of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Amongst the 66 species here considered, 62 had sufficient data to allow the quantification of their Extent Of Occurrence (EOO) and Area Of Occupancy (AOO). Most of the species have a narrow distribution range, with an estimated EOO < 20,000 km2 and AOO < 2,000 km2, meeting the thresholds for the inclusion in the threatened categories. Five species have a more widespread distribution (EOO > 20,000 km2), extending across multiple countries. The quality of the data on distribution of four species was not sufficient to provide a reliable estimation of the distribution range. A continuing decline in EOO, AOO and habitat quality was inferred for 30 species. The majority of them were subterranean specialised species, with a reduced thermal tolerance and a low dispersal ability. Accordingly, changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change represent a major threat for these species. Land-use change and habitat alteration were identified as additional relevant threats for several species. A considerable proportion of the species here assessed was found in protected areas and in sites of the Natura 2000 network. In addition, 14 species are formally protected by national and sub-national legislation. At present, 25 species are listed in the regional Red Lists. Long-term monitoring programmes, management plans for both the species and their habitats, expansion of the extant protected areas and designation of new ones, should be considered as the most effective approaches to species conservation. |
| Source | Biodiversity Data Journal (Online) 10 (e87261), pp. 1–341 |
| Keywords | climate changeIUCNcaveRed Listsubterranean speciesLinyphiidaetroglobiontspiderskarst |
| Journal | Biodiversity Data Journal (Online) |
| Editor | Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Year | 2022 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261 |
| Authors | Filippo Milano, Luca Borio, Christian Komposch, Stefano Mammola, Paolo Pantini, Martina Pavlek, Marco Isaia |
| Text | 470200 2022 10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261 climate change IUCN cave Red List subterranean species Linyphiidae troglobiont spiders karst Species conservation profiles of the endemic spiders Troglohyphantes Araneae, Linyphiidae from the Alps and the north western Dinarides Filippo Milano, Luca Borio, Christian Komposch, Stefano Mammola, Paolo Pantini, Martina Pavlek, Marco Isaia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; ÖKOTEAM Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, Austria; Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Verbania Pallanza, Italy; Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali E. Caffi. , Bergamo, Italy; Ru er Bo kovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia The genus Troglohyphantes Joseph, 1882 Araneae, Linyphiidae includes 131 species, mainly distributed across the main European mountain ranges. The Alps and the north western Dinarides account for 66 species, most of them showing narrow or even point like distributions. The majority of Troglohyphantes spiders dwell in subterranean habitats including caves, mines, soil litter, rocky debris and other moist and shaded retreats. Despite being intensively studied from taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic standpoints, knowledge on the status of conservation and on the potential risk of extinction of these spiders is lagging. To date, only three species have been included in the global IUCN Red List, but their status has not been updated ever since their last assessment in 1996. The aim of this contribution is to assess the Alpine and north western Dinaric species of the genus Troglohyphantes and to re assess the species previously evaluated, according to the last version of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Amongst the 66 species here considered, 62 had sufficient data to allow the quantification of their Extent Of Occurrence EOO and Area Of Occupancy AOO . Most of the species have a narrow distribution range, with an estimated EOO < 20,000 km2 and AOO < 2,000 km2, meeting the thresholds for the inclusion in the threatened categories. Five species have a more widespread distribution EOO > 20,000 km2 , extending across multiple countries. The quality of the data on distribution of four species was not sufficient to provide a reliable estimation of the distribution range. A continuing decline in EOO, AOO and habitat quality was inferred for 30 species. The majority of them were subterranean specialised species, with a reduced thermal tolerance and a low dispersal ability. Accordingly, changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change represent a major threat for these species. Land use change and habitat alteration were identified as additional relevant threats for several species. A considerable proportion of the species here assessed was found in protected areas and in sites of the Natura 2000 network. In addition, 14 species are formally protected by national and sub national legislation. At present, 25 species are listed in the regional Red Lists. Long term monitoring programmes, management plans for both the species and their habitats, expansion of the extant protected areas and designation of new ones, should be considered as the most effective approaches to species conservation. 10 Published version https //doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261 Published version 2022_MILANO ET AL BDJ.pdf Articolo in rivista Pensoft Publishers 1314 2828 Biodiversity Data Journal Online Biodiversity Data Journal Online Biodiversity Data Journal. Biodivers. Data J. Online stefano.mammola MAMMOLA STEFANO |
