| Text | 468804 2021 10.3389/fevo.2021.718169 Scopus 2 s2.0 85119478410 alien species biodiversity hotspot biotic interactions extinction long distance dispersal reverse colonisation speciation volcanic oceanic islands Macaronesia as a Fruitful Arena for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Florencio M.; Patino J.; Nogue S.; Traveset A.; Borges P.A.V.; Schaefer H.; Amorim I.R.; Arnedo M.; Avila S.P.; Cardoso P.; de Nascimento L.; Fernandez Palacios J.M.; Gabriel S.I.; Gil A.; Goncalves V.; Haroun R.; Illera J.C.; Lopez Darias M.; Martinez A.; Martins G.M.; Neto A.I.; Nogales M.; Oromi P.; Rando J.C.; Raposeiro P.M.; Rigal F.; Romeiras M.M.; Silva L.; Valido A.; Vanderpoorten A.; Vasconcelos R.; Santos A.M.C. Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain, , Spain; Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, Brazil, , Brazil; Azorean Biodiversity Group, cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Azorean Biodiversity Group, cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal, , Portugal; Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global CIBC UAM , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global CIBC UAM , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, , Spain; Inland Water Ecosystems Team I WET, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biologia, Madrid, Inland Water Ecosystems Team I WET, Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biologia, Madrid, Spain, , Spain; Departamento de Botanica, Ecologia y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Departamento de Botanica, Ecologia y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, , Spain; Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia IPNA CSIC , La Laguna, Tenerife, Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia IPNA CSIC , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, , Spain; School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, , United Kingdom; Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d Estudis Avançats CSIC UIB , Esporles, Mallorca, Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d Estudis Avançats CSIC UIB , Esporles, Mallorca, Spain, , Spain; Plant Biodiversity Research, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Plant Biodiversity Research, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany, , Germany; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, , Spain; InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Açores, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Açores, Ponta Delgada, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Polo dos Açores, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal, , Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, Ponta Delgada, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal, , Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research LIBRe, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research LIBRe, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, , , Finland; Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research LIBRe, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research LIBRe, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, , , Finland; Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Publica de Canarias IUETSPC , Universidad de La Laguna ULL , La Laguna, Tenerife, Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Publica de Canarias IUETSPC , Universidad de La Laguna ULL , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, , Spain; Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand, , New Zealand; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CESAM Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CESAM Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, , , Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CESAM Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CESAM Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, , , Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, , Portugal; IVAR Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Azores, Ponta Delgada, IVAR Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal, , Portugal; Biodiversity and Conservation, Research Institute ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Gran Canaria, Biodiversity and Conservation, Research Institute ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Gran Canaria, Spain, , Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute CSIC Oviedo University Principality of Asturias , Oviedo University, Mieres, Biodiversity Research Institute CSIC Oviedo University Principality of Asturias , Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain, , Spain; Molecular Ecology Group MEG, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council of Italy CNR , Verbania Pallanza, Molecular Ecology Group MEG, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council of Italy CNR , Verbania Pallanza, Italy, , , Italy; Molecular Ecology Group MEG, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council of Italy CNR , Verbania Pallanza, Molecular Ecology Group MEG, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council of Italy CNR , Verbania Pallanza, Italy, , , Italy; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edafologia y Geologia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edafologia y Geologia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, , Spain; CNRS Universitee de Pau et des Pays de l Adour E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour l Environnementet les Materiaux, Pau, CNRS Universitee de Pau et des Pays de l Adour E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour l Environnementet les Materiaux, Pau, France, , , France; CNRS Universitee de Pau et des Pays de l Adour E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour l Environnementet les Materiaux, Pau, CNRS Universitee de Pau et des Pays de l Adour E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour l Environnementet les Materiaux, Pau, France, , , France; Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, , , , Portugal; Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, , , , Portugal; Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia ISA , Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, , , , Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal, , , Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal, , , Portugal; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, , , , Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, , , , Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, , , , Spain; Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group GLOCEE, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group GLOCEE, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain, , Spain; Terrestrial Ecology Group TEG UAM , Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Terrestrial Ecology Group TEG UAM , Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, , Spain Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that the Macaronesian flora and fauna are composed of rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly of European origin. Macaronesia also seems to be an important source region for back colonisation of continental fringe regions on both sides of the Atlantic. This group of archipelagos Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde has been crucial to learn about the particularities of macroecological patterns and interaction networks on islands, providing evidence for the development of the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography and subsequent updates. However, in addition to exceptionally high richness of endemic species, Macaronesia is also home to a growing number of threatened species, along with invasive alien plants and animals. Several innovative conservation and management actions are in place to protect its biodiversity from these and other drivers of global change. The Macaronesian Islands are a well suited field of study for island ecology and evolution research, mostly due to its special geological layout with 40 islands grouped within five archipelagos differing in geological age, climate and isolation. A large amount of data is now available for several groups of organisms on and around many of these islands. However, continued efforts should be made toward compiling new information on their biodiversity, to pursue various fruitful research avenues and develop appropriate conservation management tools. 9 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85119478410 origin=inward Articolo in rivista Frontiers Media 2296 701X Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Front. ecol. evol. alejandro.martinezgarcia MARTINEZ GARCIA ALEJANDRO |
