| Text | 465860 2021 10.1002/etc.4869 Scopus 2 s2.0 85096680014 PFAS Ecological Risk Per and poly fluoroalkyl substances Review Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Current State of the Science and a Proposed Path Forward Ankley G.T.; Cureton P.; Hoke R.A.; Houde M.; Kumar A.; Kurias J.; Lanno R.; McCarthy C.; Newsted J.; Salice C.J.; Sample B.E.; Sepulveda M.S.; Steevens J.; Valsecchi S. Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA, , United States; Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC, Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, , Canada; DuPont, Wilmington, DE, DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, , United States; Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, , Canada; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Urrbrae, SA, Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia, , Australia; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, , United States; Jacobs Engineering, Boston, MA, Jacobs Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, , United States; Ramboll, Emeryville, CA, Ramboll, Emeryville, California, USA, , United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA, , United States; Ecological Risk, Rancho Murieta, CA, Ecological Risk, Rancho Murieta, California, USA, , United States; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Layette, IN, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Layette, Indiana, USA, , United States; US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA, , , United States; US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA, , , United States; Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Brugherio, Monza and Brianza, Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Brugherio, Monza and Brianza, Italy, , , Italy; Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Brugherio, Monza and Brianza, Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Brugherio, Monza and Brianza, Italy, , , Italy Per and poly fluoroalkyl substances PFAS encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state of the science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource effective manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40 564 605. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. 40 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85096680014 origin=inward Articolo in rivista Pergamon, 0730 7268 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Environmental toxicology and chemistry Environ. toxicol. chem. Environmental toxicology and chemistry saramaria.valsecchi VALSECCHI SARA MARIA |
