| Text | 461981 2021 10.1111/cobi.13810 Scopus 2 s2.0 85111831239 focal areas Iberia Morocco protected areas trigger species Alarming decline of freshwater trigger species in western Mediterranean key biodiversity areas Nogueira J.G.; Sousa R.; Benaissa H.; De Knijf G.; Ferreira S.; Ghamizi M.; Goncalves D.V.; Lansdown R.; Numa C.; Prie V.; Riccardi N.; Seddon M.; Urbanska M.; Valentini A.; Vikhrev I.; Varandas S.; Teixeira A.; Lopes Lima M. CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal, , , Portugal; CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal, , , Portugal; CBMA Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, CBMA Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, , Portugal; Universite Cadi Ayyad, Museum d Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Laboratoire Eau, Biodiversite et Changement Climatique, Marrakech, Universite Cadi Ayyad, Museum d Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Laboratoire Eau, Biodiversite et Changement Climatique, Marrakech, Morocco, , Morocco; Research Institute for Nature and Forest INBO , Brussels, Research Institute for Nature and Forest INBO , Brussels, Belgium, , Belgium; CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal, , , Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal, , , Portugal; IUCN SSC Freshwater Plant Specialist Group, Stroud, IUCN SSC Freshwater Plant Specialist Group, Stroud, UK, , United Kingdom; IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Malaga, IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Malaga, Spain, , Spain; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, Institut de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversite ISYEB Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Universite des Antilles, Paris, France, , , , , , , France; Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Verbania, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Verbania, Italy, , , Italy; Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Verbania, Water Research Institute IRSA , National Research Council CNR , Verbania, Italy, , , Italy; IUCN SSC Molluscs Specialist Group, Devon, IUCN SSC Molluscs Specialist Group, Devon, UK, , United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Pozna , Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Pozna , Poland, , Poland; SPYGEN, Savoie Technolac, Le Bourget du Lac, SPYGEN, Savoie Technolac, Le Bourget du Lac, France, , France; Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia, , , Russian Federation; Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia, , , Russian Federation; CITAB UTAD Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Tras os Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Vila Real, CITAB UTAD Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Tras os Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Vila Real, Portugal, , , Portugal; CITAB UTAD Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Tras os Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Vila Real, CITAB UTAD Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Tras os Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Vila Real, Portugal, , , Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha CIMO , Instituto Politecnico de Bragança, Bragança, Centro de Investigação de Montanha CIMO , Instituto Politecnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal, , Portugal Theidentification of key biodiversity areas KBA was initiated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2004 to overcome taxonomic biases in the selection of important areas for conservation, including freshwater ecosystems. Since then, several KBAs have been identified mainly based on the presence of trigger species i.e., species that trigger either the vulnerability and or the irreplaceability criterion and thus identify a site as a KBA . However, to our knowledge, many of these KBAs have not been validated. Therefore, classical surveys of the taxa used to identify freshwater KBAs fishes, molluscs, odonates, and aquatic plants were conducted in Douro Iberian Peninsula and Sebou Morocco River basins in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. Environmental DNA analyses were undertaken in the Moroccan KBAs. There was a mismatch between the supposed and actual presence of trigger species. None of the trigger species were found in 43% and 50% of all KBAs surveyed in the Douro and Sebou basins, respectively. Shortcomings of freshwater KBA identification relate to flawed or lack of distribution data for trigger species. This situation results from a misleading initial identification of KBAs based on poor or even inaccurate ecological information or due to increased human disturbance between initial KBA identification and the present. To improve identification of future freshwater KBAs, we suggest selecting trigger species with a more conservative approach; use of local expert knowledge and digital data to assess habitat quality, species distribution, and potential threats ; consideration of the subcatchment when delineating KBAs boundaries; thoughtful consideration of terrestrial special areas for conservation limits; and periodic field validation. 35 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85111831239 origin=inward Alarming decline of freshwater trigger species in western Mediterranean key biodiversity areas pdf Nogueira et al. 2021c.pdf Articolo in rivista Blackwell Scientific Publications, 0888 8892 Conservation biology Conservation biology Conserv. biol. 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