| Title | Automated high frequency monitoring of lake maggiore through in situ sensors: System design, field test and data quality control |
| Abstract | A high frequency monitoring (HFM) system for the deep subalpine lakes Maggiore, Lugano and Como is under development within the EU INTERREG project SIMILE. The HFM system is designed to i) describe often neglected but potentially relevant processes occurring on short time scale; ii) become a cost-effective source of environmental data; and iii) strengthen the coordinated management of water resources in the subalpine lake district. In this project framework, a first HFM station (LM1) consisting of a monitoring buoy was placed in Lake Maggiore. LM1 represents a pilot experience within the project, aimed at providing the practical know-how needed for the development of the whole HFM system. To increase replicability and transferability, LM1 was developed in-house, and conceived as a low-cost modular system. LM1 is presently equipped with solar panels, a weather station, and sensors for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and chlorophyll-a. In this study, we describe the main features of LM1 (hardware and software) and the adopted Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures. To this end, we provide examples from a test period, i.e., the first 9-months of functioning of LM1. A description of the software selected as data management software for the HFM system (IstSOS) is also provided. Data gathered during the study period provided clear evidence that coupling HFM and discrete sampling for QA/QC controls is necessary to produce accurate data and to detect and correct errors, mainly because of sensor fouling and calibration drift. These results also provide essential information to develop further the HFM system and shared protocols adapted to the local environmental (i.e., large subalpine lakes) and technical (expertise availability) context. The next challenge would be making HFM not only a source of previously unaffordable information, but also a cost-effective tool for environmental monitoring. |
| Source | Journal of limnology (Online) 80 (2) |
| Keywords | ChlorophyllData managementSensorsSIMILE projectWater quality |
| Journal | Journal of limnology (Online) |
| Editor | Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Pavia, Italia |
| Year | 2021 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2011 |
| Authors | Tiberti, Rocco; Caroni, Rossana; Cannata, Massimiliano; Lami, Andrea; Manca, Dario; Strigaro, Daniele; Rogora, Michela |
| Text | 455826 2021 10.4081/JLIMNOL.2021.2011 Scopus 2 s2.0 85110668899 Chlorophyll Data management Sensors SIMILE project Water quality Automated high frequency monitoring of lake maggiore through in situ sensors System design, field test and data quality control Tiberti, Rocco; Caroni, Rossana; Cannata, Massimiliano; Lami, Andrea; Manca, Dario; Strigaro, Daniele; Rogora, Michela Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Universita degli Studi di Pavia A high frequency monitoring HFM system for the deep subalpine lakes Maggiore, Lugano and Como is under development within the EU INTERREG project SIMILE. The HFM system is designed to i describe often neglected but potentially relevant processes occurring on short time scale; ii become a cost effective source of environmental data; and iii strengthen the coordinated management of water resources in the subalpine lake district. In this project framework, a first HFM station LM1 consisting of a monitoring buoy was placed in Lake Maggiore. LM1 represents a pilot experience within the project, aimed at providing the practical know how needed for the development of the whole HFM system. To increase replicability and transferability, LM1 was developed in house, and conceived as a low cost modular system. LM1 is presently equipped with solar panels, a weather station, and sensors for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and chlorophyll a. In this study, we describe the main features of LM1 hardware and software and the adopted Quality Assurance/Quality Control QA/QC procedures. To this end, we provide examples from a test period, i.e., the first 9 months of functioning of LM1. A description of the software selected as data management software for the HFM system IstSOS is also provided. Data gathered during the study period provided clear evidence that coupling HFM and discrete sampling for QA/QC controls is necessary to produce accurate data and to detect and correct errors, mainly because of sensor fouling and calibration drift. These results also provide essential information to develop further the HFM system and shared protocols adapted to the local environmental i.e., large subalpine lakes and technical expertise availability context. The next challenge would be making HFM not only a source of previously unaffordable information, but also a cost effective tool for environmental monitoring. 80 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85110668899 origin=inward Automated high frequency monitoring of Lake Maggiore through in situ sensors system design, field test and data quality control Published version Tiberti et al JLimnol 2021.pdf Articolo in rivista Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi 1723 8633 Journal of limnology Online Journal of limnology Online J. limnol. Online Journal of limnology. Online CARONI ROSSANA TIBERTI ROCCO michela.rogora ROGORA MICHELA dario.manca MANCA DARIO andrea.lami LAMI ANDREA |
