| Title | Global distribution of microwhip scorpions (Arachnida: Palpigradi) |
| Abstract | Aim: Historically, research on global distribution patterns has mostly concentrated on conspicuous organisms and thus a large proportion of biodiversity on Earth remains unmapped. We examined the global distribution of palpigrades, a poorly studied group of low dispersive arachnids specialized to subterranean life. We asked what is their typical range size, the ecological factors driving their distributions, and to what extent sampling bias may influence the observed patterns. Location: Global. Taxon: Palpigrades (Arachnida: Palpigradi) in the genus Eukoenenia. Methods: We assembled a database of over 1000 localities and referring to 57 soil- and 69 cave-adapted palpigrades. We tested for differences in range sizes of soil- and cave-adapted species. We used variance partitioning analysis to explore the contribution of climate, nutrient availability and geology in driving observed distributions. Finally, we verified the potential correlation between the number of occurrence records and the number of palpigrades' researchers. Results: Europe and Brazil emerged as centres of diversification of cave-adapted palpigrades. Conversely, the diversity of soil-adapted species was distributed over a broader geographical expanse, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. Both cave and soil species had narrow distribution ranges, with a median value of 0.01 km; only a few parthenogenetic species were distributed over multiple continents. The distribution of cave- and soil-adapted palpigrades was primarily explained by climatic conditions, and secondarily by nutrient and habitat availability. In the Alps, the distribution of cave-adapted species also bears the signature of historical events related to glaciation cycles. We observed, however, a pronounced people-species correlation, suggesting that the observed patterns are not generalizable to poorly explored areas. Main conclusions: Our study highlights enormous gaps in current knowledge about the biogeography of palpigrades. Even if the information is largely incomplete and biased, we show how data can be harnesses to draw a preliminary picture of the global distribution patterns of palpigrades. Thus, we offer a jumping-off point for future studies on the macroecology and conservation of poorly known organisms. |
| Source | Journal of biogeography (Print) 48 (12), pp. 1518–1529 |
| Keywords | Arachnidadiversity patternedaphicmacroecologyspecies distribution modellingsubterranean biologyvariance partitioning analysis |
| Journal | Journal of biogeography (Print) |
| Editor | Blackwell Scientific,, Oxford, Regno Unito |
| Year | 2021 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1111/jbi.14094 |
| Authors | Mammola, Stefano; Souza, Maysa Fernanda Villela Rezende; Isaia, Marco; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes |
| Text | 452860 2021 10.1111/jbi.14094 Scopus 2 s2.0 85103157237 Arachnida diversity pattern edaphic macroecology species distribution modelling subterranean biology variance partitioning analysis Global distribution of microwhip scorpions Arachnida Palpigradi Mammola, Stefano; Souza, Maysa Fernanda Villela Rezende; Isaia, Marco; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes Finnish Museum of Natural History; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Universita degli Studi di Torino Aim Historically, research on global distribution patterns has mostly concentrated on conspicuous organisms and thus a large proportion of biodiversity on Earth remains unmapped. We examined the global distribution of palpigrades, a poorly studied group of low dispersive arachnids specialized to subterranean life. We asked what is their typical range size, the ecological factors driving their distributions, and to what extent sampling bias may influence the observed patterns. Location Global. Taxon Palpigrades Arachnida Palpigradi in the genus Eukoenenia. Methods We assembled a database of over 1000 localities and referring to 57 soil and 69 cave adapted palpigrades. We tested for differences in range sizes of soil and cave adapted species. We used variance partitioning analysis to explore the contribution of climate, nutrient availability and geology in driving observed distributions. Finally, we verified the potential correlation between the number of occurrence records and the number of palpigrades researchers. Results Europe and Brazil emerged as centres of diversification of cave adapted palpigrades. Conversely, the diversity of soil adapted species was distributed over a broader geographical expanse, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. Both cave and soil species had narrow distribution ranges, with a median value of 0.01 km; only a few parthenogenetic species were distributed over multiple continents. The distribution of cave and soil adapted palpigrades was primarily explained by climatic conditions, and secondarily by nutrient and habitat availability. In the Alps, the distribution of cave adapted species also bears the signature of historical events related to glaciation cycles. We observed, however, a pronounced people species correlation, suggesting that the observed patterns are not generalizable to poorly explored areas. Main conclusions Our study highlights enormous gaps in current knowledge about the biogeography of palpigrades. Even if the information is largely incomplete and biased, we show how data can be harnesses to draw a preliminary picture of the global distribution patterns of palpigrades. Thus, we offer a jumping off point for future studies on the macroecology and conservation of poorly known organisms. 48 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85103157237 origin=inward Main text 2021_MAMMOLA ET AL JoB.pdf Articolo in rivista Blackwell Scientific, 0305 0270 Journal of biogeography Print Journal of biogeography Print J. biogeogr. Print Journal of biogeography. Print stefano.mammola MAMMOLA STEFANO |
