| Abstract | The Lago Maggiore catchment is characterized by medium to high altitude (up to 4633 m a.s.l. with a median of 1270 m a.s.l.), high precipitation (~ 1700 mm/yr), and brittle tectonic deformation of impermeable rocks, such as granite and gneiss, that are characterized by a predisposition to slope failure. We analysed daily rainfall data associated with 38 landslides that occurred between 1980 and 2017 from meteorological stations placed into four sub-basins. The purpose was to determine whether or not extreme rainfall events exceeded landslides thresholds reported by previous studies. A statistical analysis using the RClimDex package was done, to verify changes in extreme rainfall over time. A spatial approach using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) in QGIS was used to extrapolate rainfall data specific to landslide areas, as well as GIS techniques and processing tools to conduct geomorphic analyses. Finally, a multivariate analysis, (general linear model), was used to understand associations between variables (landslide types, lithology, valley, elevation, slope, land use, rainfall, and the presence of rivers, roads, paths, and buildings), known to affect the generation of landslides. Results show extreme rainfall events to be a secondary factor in the triggering of landslides, whereas the most significant factors are presence of building, proximity to rivers and lithology. It was found that intense rainfall is a concomitant cause to landslides in some instances but does not play a role in others. |
| Text | 449525 2021 10.1007/s11069 021 04626 8 Scopus 2 s2.0 85101263809 ISI Web of Science WOS WOS 000620441800001 Slope instability landslides extreme rainfall events QGIS GLM method Landslides along the Lago Maggiore western coast northern Italy intense rainfall as trigger or concomitant cause Ciampittiello M.; Saidi H.; Dresti C.; Coluccino M.; Turconi L.; Little W.W.; Luino F. Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Largo Tonolli 50, Verbania, 28922, Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy, , Italy; Provincia del Verbano Cusio Ossola Difesa del suolo, Assetto Idrogeologico Cartografico GIS , Strada dell Industria 25, Verbania, 28924, Provincia del Verbano Cusio Ossola Difesa del suolo, Assetto Idrogeologico Cartografico GIS , Strada dell Industria 25, 28924, Verbania, Italy, , Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Per la Protezione Idrogeologica, National Research Council CNR IRPI , Strada Delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Istituto di Ricerca Per la Protezione Idrogeologica, National Research Council CNR IRPI , Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy, , Italy; Brigham Young University Idaho, 525 South Center Street, Rexburg, ID, 83460 0510, Brigham Young University Idaho, 525 South Center Street, Rexburg, ID, 83460 0510, USA, , United States The Lago Maggiore catchment is characterized by medium to high altitude up to 4633 m a.s.l. with a median of 1270 m a.s.l. , high precipitation 1700 mm/yr , and brittle tectonic deformation of impermeable rocks, such as granite and gneiss, that are characterized by a predisposition to slope failure. We analysed daily rainfall data associated with 38 landslides that occurred between 1980 and 2017 from meteorological stations placed into four sub basins. The purpose was to determine whether or not extreme rainfall events exceeded landslides thresholds reported by previous studies. A statistical analysis using the RClimDex package was done, to verify changes in extreme rainfall over time. A spatial approach using Inverse Distance Weighting IDW in QGIS was used to extrapolate rainfall data specific to landslide areas, as well as GIS techniques and processing tools to conduct geomorphic analyses. Finally, a multivariate analysis, general linear model , was used to understand associations between variables landslide types, lithology, valley, elevation, slope, land use, rainfall, and the presence of rivers, roads, paths, and buildings , known to affect the generation of landslides. Results show extreme rainfall events to be a secondary factor in the triggering of landslides, whereas the most significant factors are presence of building, proximity to rivers and lithology. It was found that intense rainfall is a concomitant cause to landslides in some instances but does not play a role in others. Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85101263809 origin=inward Landslides along the Lago Maggiore western coast northern Italy intense rainfall as trigger or concomitant cause Articolo Ciampittiello2021_Article_LandslidesAlongTheLagoMaggiore.pdf Articolo in rivista Kluwer 1573 0840 Natural hazards Dordr., Online Natural hazards Dordr., Online Nat. hazards Dordr., Online Natural hazards. Dordr., Online marzia.ciampittiello CIAMPITTIELLO MARZIA laura.turconi TURCONI LAURA fabio.luino LUINO FABIO claudia.dresti DRESTI CLAUDIA helmi.saidi SAIDI HELMI |
