| Abstract | Biological quality in rivers based on benthic macroinvertebrates is typically assessed by comparison with expected reference conditions, which represent relatively undisturbed situations. Commonly, reference conditions are set in agreement with river typologies to handle major ecological differences and limit biological variability. Although natural hydrological variation can be highly influential, site-specific tuning of reference conditions is rare in Mediterranean countries. River flow and local hydraulics change continuously over time, shaping the occurrence of lentic and lotic habitat features. Thus, biological reference conditions might require site-specific adjustment based on the ratio of lentic to lotic habitats assessed at the time of sampling. This would help reducing systematic bias in ecological assessments, interpreting benthic invertebrate responses to pressures, and diminishing the amount of unexplained biological variability. In this study, the response to the lentic-lotic character of river reaches was assessed for nineteen macroinvertebrate metrics and indices commonly used for the classification of ecological status in South European rivers. The study sites, with a prevalent temporary character, were located in Sardinia, southwestern Italy. Most metrics were significantly related to the lentic-lotic habitat conditions, both in pool and riffle mesohabitats, and their response curves were either parabolic or linearly decreasing at increasing lentic conditions. Taxonomic richness, score-based metrics, ovoviviparous taxa and multi-metric indices related well to the lentic-lotic conditions, while abundance metrics correlated less. The potential impact on ecological status classification was tested for the method formally used in Italy, which had a major role in comparing and inter-calibrating European assessment methods for the Water Framework Directive. After adjusting for bias due to the ratio of lentic to lotic habitat features, quality classification shifted towards better ecological status for ? 23% samples. This highlighted the impact of ignoring lentic-lotic information when defining reference conditions for assessing ecological status, varying from difficulties in understanding the biological response to pressures, to largely biased ecological status classification. The observed response of macroinvertebrate metrics to lentic-lotic conditions should be a key consideration for realistic ecological status assessment and could further be a valuable input for evaluating the effects of human-induced hydrological alteration and for assessing environmental flows. |
| Text | 427655 2020 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106563 Scopus 2 s2.0 85085276313 ISI Web of Science WOS WOS 000555560100001 streams macroinvertebrates Habitat Flow Bioassessment WFD Reference condition The ratio of lentic to lotic habitat features strongly affects macroinvertebrate metrics used in southern Europe for ecological status classification Buffagni A.; Erba S.; Cazzola M.; Barca E.; Belfiore C. Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Brugherio, MB, Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Brugherio MB, Italy, , Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche DEB , Universita della Tuscia, Viterbo, Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche DEB , Universita della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, , Italy; Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Bari, Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Bari, Italy, , , Italy; Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Bari, Water Research Institute, National Research Council CNR IRSA , Bari, Italy, , , Italy Biological quality in rivers based on benthic macroinvertebrates is typically assessed by comparison with expected reference conditions, which represent relatively undisturbed situations. Commonly, reference conditions are set in agreement with river typologies to handle major ecological differences and limit biological variability. Although natural hydrological variation can be highly influential, site specific tuning of reference conditions is rare in Mediterranean countries. River flow and local hydraulics change continuously over time, shaping the occurrence of lentic and lotic habitat features. Thus, biological reference conditions might require site specific adjustment based on the ratio of lentic to lotic habitats assessed at the time of sampling. This would help reducing systematic bias in ecological assessments, interpreting benthic invertebrate responses to pressures, and diminishing the amount of unexplained biological variability. In this study, the response to the lentic lotic character of river reaches was assessed for nineteen macroinvertebrate metrics and indices commonly used for the classification of ecological status in South European rivers. The study sites, with a prevalent temporary character, were located in Sardinia, southwestern Italy. Most metrics were significantly related to the lentic lotic habitat conditions, both in pool and riffle mesohabitats, and their response curves were either parabolic or linearly decreasing at increasing lentic conditions. Taxonomic richness, score based metrics, ovoviviparous taxa and multi metric indices related well to the lentic lotic conditions, while abundance metrics correlated less. The potential impact on ecological status classification was tested for the method formally used in Italy, which had a major role in comparing and inter calibrating European assessment methods for the Water Framework Directive. After adjusting for bias due to the ratio of lentic to lotic habitat features, quality classification shifted towards better ecological status for 23% samples. This highlighted the impact of ignoring lentic lotic information when defining reference conditions for assessing ecological status, varying from difficulties in understanding the biological response to pressures, to largely biased ecological status classification. The observed response of macroinvertebrate metrics to lentic lotic conditions should be a key consideration for realistic ecological status assessment and could further be a valuable input for evaluating the effects of human induced hydrological alteration and for assessing environmental flows. 117 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85085276313 origin=inward The ratio of lentic to lotic habitat features strongly affects macroinvertebrate metrics Buffagni_LRD_Metrics_curves_2020.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier Science Ireland. 1470 160X Ecological indicators Ecological indicators Ecological indicators. andreastefano.buffagni BUFFAGNI ANDREA STEFANO stefania.erba ERBA STEFANIA emanuele.barca BARCA EMANUELE marcello.cazzola CAZZOLA MARCELLO |
