| Title | Uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in hydroponically grown red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): Growth and developmental toxicity, comparison with growth in soil and bioavailability implications |
| Abstract | Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have shown a high potential for plant (crop) uptake, making them possibly significant contributors to the total dietary exposure to PFAAs. The plant uptake of PFAAs is a complex process that needs better characterization, as it does not only depend on perfluoroalkyl chain length, but also on their polar terminal group, on the plant species and the exposure media. Here, a plant uptake study with nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) was carried out under the hydroponic (soilless) exposure conditions. Red chicory was grown in a nutrient solution, spiked with PFAAs mixture at three different concentrations (i.e. 62.5, 125 and 250 mu g/L), in order to extend the range of levels tested and reported in the literature so far. Bioaccumulation metrics and transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs) were employed for the plant uptake characterization and consequent comparison with the results of soil uptake experiment we previously performed with the same crop. The results showed that calculated root concentration factors (RCFs) increase with PFAA chain length, while the opposite chain length dependence was present for shoots. Plants from two treatments with the highest PFAAs concentrations manifested physiological changes (discoloration, inhibited roots and leaves growth), despite of the used exposure concentrations beingmuch lower than previously published phytotoxicity thresholds. A comparison among RCFs and TSCFs derived from hydroponic and from the soil experiment has emphasized their different magnitudes and PFAAs chain length dependence patterns. They could not be ascribed only to soil sorption as a process decreasing PFAAs bioavailability for plants, but also to developmental differences between the root systems formed in soil and in nutrient solution and to the potential competitive PFAAs sorption to roots in hydroponics. The interchangeable use of bioaccumulation and translocation parameters derived in hydroponic and soil systems would lead to erroneous conclusions and plant uptake predictions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Source | Science of the total environment 720, pp. 137333 |
| Keywords | PFASsPFOSPFOAPlant bioaccumulationRoot uptakePhytotoxicity |
| Journal | Science of the total environment |
| Editor | Elsevier, Lausanne ;, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2020 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137333 |
| Authors | Gredelj, Andrea; Nicoletto, Carlo; Polesello, Stefano; Ferrario, Claudia; Valsecchi, Sara; Lava, Roberto; Barausse, Alberto; Zanon, Francesca; Palmeri, Luca; Guidolin, Laura; Bonato, Marco |
| Text | 422771 2020 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137333 ISI Web of Science WOS 000525736600151 PFASs PFOS PFOA Plant bioaccumulation Root uptake Phytotoxicity Uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids PFAAs in hydroponically grown red chicory Cichorium intybus L. Growth and developmental toxicity, comparison with growth in soil and bioavailability implications Gredelj, Andrea; Nicoletto, Carlo; Polesello, Stefano; Ferrario, Claudia; Valsecchi, Sara; Lava, Roberto; Barausse, Alberto; Zanon, Francesca; Palmeri, Luca; Guidolin, Laura; Bonato, Marco Univ Padua; Univ Padua; Natl Res Council Italy IRSA CNR; ARPAV Reg Environm Agcy Veneto; Univ Padua Short chain perfluoroalkyl acids PFAAs have shown a high potential for plant crop uptake, making them possibly significant contributors to the total dietary exposure to PFAAs. The plant uptake of PFAAs is a complex process that needs better characterization, as it does not only depend on perfluoroalkyl chain length, but also on their polar terminal group, on the plant species and the exposure media. Here, a plant uptake study with nine perfluoroalkyl acids PFAAs was carried out under the hydroponic soilless exposure conditions. Red chicory was grown in a nutrient solution, spiked with PFAAs mixture at three different concentrations i.e. 62.5, 125 and 250 mu g/L , in order to extend the range of levels tested and reported in the literature so far. Bioaccumulation metrics and transpiration stream concentration factors TSCFs were employed for the plant uptake characterization and consequent comparison with the results of soil uptake experiment we previously performed with the same crop. The results showed that calculated root concentration factors RCFs increase with PFAA chain length, while the opposite chain length dependence was present for shoots. Plants from two treatments with the highest PFAAs concentrations manifested physiological changes discoloration, inhibited roots and leaves growth , despite of the used exposure concentrations beingmuch lower than previously published phytotoxicity thresholds. A comparison among RCFs and TSCFs derived from hydroponic and from the soil experiment has emphasized their different magnitudes and PFAAs chain length dependence patterns. They could not be ascribed only to soil sorption as a process decreasing PFAAs bioavailability for plants, but also to developmental differences between the root systems formed in soil and in nutrient solution and to the potential competitive PFAAs sorption to roots in hydroponics. The interchangeable use of bioaccumulation and translocation parameters derived in hydroponic and soil systems would lead to erroneous conclusions and plant uptake predictions. C 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 720 Published version articolo 2020_Gredelj_Uptake of PFAAs_hydroponic.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0048 9697 Science of the total environment Science of the total environment Sci. total environ. FERRARIO CLAUDIA stefano.polesello POLESELLO STEFANO saramaria.valsecchi VALSECCHI SARA MARIA |
