| Title | In vitro potential genotoxic effects of surface drinking water treated with chlorine and alternative disinfectants |
| Abstract | A battery of in vitro short-term tests revealing different genetic end-points was set up in order to study surface-water genotoxicity after disinfection with different biocides: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and peracetic acid (PAA). The surface water both before and after disinfection was concentrated by adsorption on C-18 silica cartridges and the concentrates containing non-volatile organics were divided into different portions for chemical analyses and biological assays. The following in vitro tests were conducted on the water concentrates dissolved in DMSO: the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100; the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli, the Microtox(R) and Mutatox(R) assays with Vibrio fischeri; and gene conversion, point mutation and mitochondrial DNA mutability assays with D7 diploid Saccharomices cerevisiae strain. The results show that the SOS Chromotest and the yeast assays are highly sensitive in detecting genotoxicity. The surface-water extracts were very often toxic to most of the test organisms considered, partially masking their potential mutagenic activity. Therefore, the assays with E. coli and with S. cerevisiae are more likely to show a mutagenic effect because these organisms are generally less sensitive to most toxic compounds. Among the tested disinfectants, NaClO and ClO2 increased water genotoxicity, whereas PAA was able to slightly reduce raw water activity. However, because the organic compounds in the lake water varied with the season of the year, the disinfection processes, at times, both increased and decreased the raw water activity. |
| Source | Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis (Print) 564, pp. 179–193 |
| Journal | Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis (Print) |
| Editor | Elsevier, Tokyo ;, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2004 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.08.006 |
| Authors | GUZZELLA L., MONARCA S., ZANI C., FERETTI D., ZERBINI I., BUSCHINI A., POLI P., ROSSI C., RICHARDSON S. |
| Text | 42215 2004 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.08.006 ISI Web of Science WOS 000225167100008 In vitro potential genotoxic effects of surface drinking water treated with chlorine and alternative disinfectants GUZZELLA L., MONARCA S., ZANI C., FERETTI D., ZERBINI I., BUSCHINI A., POLI P., ROSSI C., RICHARDSON S. GUZZELLA L., CNR IRSA, Brugherio MB MONARCA S., Dipartimento di Igiene, Universita di Perugia ZANI C., FERETTI D., ZERBINI I., Dipartimento di Igiene Sperimentale e Applicata, Universita di Brescia BUSCHINI A., POLI P., ROSSI C., Dipartimento di Genetica Evolutiva, Universita di Parma RICHARDSON S., U.S. EPA, Athene, USA A battery of in vitro short term tests revealing different genetic end points was set up in order to study surface water genotoxicity after disinfection with different biocides sodium hypochlorite NaClO , chlorine dioxide ClO2 and peracetic acid PAA . The surface water both before and after disinfection was concentrated by adsorption on C 18 silica cartridges and the concentrates containing non volatile organics were divided into different portions for chemical analyses and biological assays. The following in vitro tests were conducted on the water concentrates dissolved in DMSO the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100; the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli, the Microtox R and Mutatox R assays with Vibrio fischeri; and gene conversion, point mutation and mitochondrial DNA mutability assays with D7 diploid Saccharomices cerevisiae strain. The results show that the SOS Chromotest and the yeast assays are highly sensitive in detecting genotoxicity. The surface water extracts were very often toxic to most of the test organisms considered, partially masking their potential mutagenic activity. Therefore, the assays with E. coli and with S. cerevisiae are more likely to show a mutagenic effect because these organisms are generally less sensitive to most toxic compounds. Among the tested disinfectants, NaClO and ClO2 increased water genotoxicity, whereas PAA was able to slightly reduce raw water activity. However, because the organic compounds in the lake water varied with the season of the year, the disinfection processes, at times, both increased and decreased the raw water activity. 564 articolo 20120424112108140.pdf articolo 20120424112134011.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 1383 5718 Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis Print Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis Print Mutat. res., Genet. toxicol. environ. mutagen. Print Mutation research. Print liciamaria.guzzella GUZZELLA LICIA MARIA |
