| Text | 42123 2006 10.1007/s10750 006 0067 6 ISI Web of Science WOS 000239102900002 Water Framework Directive ecological status biological quality elements intercalibration uncertainty THE STAR PROJECT CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES AND APPROACHES Furse M; D Hering; O Moog; P Verdonschot; RK Johnson; K Brabec; K Gritzalis; A Buffagni; P Pinto; N Friberg; J Murray Bligh; J Kokes; R Alber; P Usseglio Polatera; P Haase; R Sweeting; B Bis; K Szoszkiewicz; H Soszka; G Springe; F Sporka; I Krno Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Dorset, Winfrith Technology Centre, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, Dorset, UK Institute of Hydrology, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45117 Essen, Germany Institute for Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Max Emanuel Strasse 17, A 1180 Vienna, Austria Department of Ecology and Environment, Alterra, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, S 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Zoology and Ecology, Masaryk University, Kotla´rska´, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens Sounion Avenue, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece CNR IRSA Centre of Applied Ecology, University of Evora, Apartado 94, Lago dos Colegiais 2, 7002 554 Evora, Portugal Department of Freshwater Ecology, NERI, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsøvej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark South West Region, Manley House, Kestrel Way, Environment Agency, EX2 7LQ Exeter, Devon, UK Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky T.G. Masayka, Drevarska 12, 657 57 Brno, Czech Republic LABBIO, Unterbergstrasse 2, 39055 Laives, Italy Centre of Ecotoxicology, Biodiversity and Environmental Health, University of Metz, Campus Bridoux, Rue de General, 57070 Metz, France Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Lochmuehle 2, D 63599 Biebergemund, Germany Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, LA22 0LP Cumbria, UK Institute of Ecology and Nature Protection, Department of Applied Ecology, University of Lodz´, Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz´, Poland Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Agricultural University of August Cieszkowski, ul. Pia tkowska 94C, 61 691 Poznan, Poland Lake Protection Laboratory, Instytut Ochrony S ´ rodowiska, Kolektorska 4, 01 692 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, 2169 Salaspils, Latvia Institute of Zoology, Department of Hydrobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84206 Bratislava, Slovakia Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynska´ dolina B 2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia STAR is a European Commission Framework V project EVK1 CT 2001 00089 . The project aim is to provide practical advice and solutions with regard to many of the issues associated with the Water Framework Directive. This paper provides a context for the STAR research programme through a review of the requirements of the directive and the Common Implementation Strategy responsible for guiding its implementation. The scientific and strategic objectives of STAR are set out in the form of a series of research questions and the reader is referred to the papers in this volume that address those objectives, which include a Which methods or biological quality elements are best able to indicate certain stressors b Which method can be used on which scale c Which method is suited for early and late warnings d How are different assessment methods affected by errors and uncertainty e How can data from different assessment methods be intercalibrated f How can the cost effectiveness of field and laboratory protocols be optimised g How can boundaries of the five classes of Ecological Status be best set h What contribution can STAR make to the development of European standards The methodological approaches adopted to meet these objectives are described. These include the selection of the 22 stream types and 263 sites sampled in 11 countries, the sampling protocols used to sample and survey phytobenthos, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, fish and hydromorphology, the quality control and uncertainty analyses that were applied, including training, replicate sampling and audit of performance, the development of bespoke software and the project outputs. This paper provides the detailed background information to be referred to in conjunction with most of the other papers in this volume. These papers are divided into seven sections 1 typology, 2 organism groups, 3 macrophytes and diatoms, 4 hydromorphology, 5 tools for assessing European streams with macroinvertebrates, 6 intercalibration and comparison and 7 errors and uncertainty. The principal findings of the papers in each section and their relevance to the Water Framework Directive are synthesised in short summary papers at the beginning of each section. Additional outputs, including all sampling and laboratory protocols and project deliverables, together with a range of freely downloadable software are available from the project website at www.eu_star.at. 566 http //www.springerlink.com/content/a585503101002566/ The STAR project_context, objectives and approaches_Buffagni2006 STAR_furs_STARintro_a585503101002566.pdf Articolo in rivista Kluwer Academic Publishers 0018 8158 Hydrobiologia The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia. The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia Dordrecht The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia Boston The Hague. Print Hydrobiologia London The Hague. Print andreastefano.buffagni BUFFAGNI ANDREA STEFANO TA.P04.016.001 Caratteristiche ecologiche di comunita acquatiche in ambienti fluviali e lagunari TA.P04.032.003 La risposta delle comunita acquatiche bioindicatori e WFD |
