| Abstract | Coastal plankton show fluctuations in abundance and species composition. Resting stage (cyst) production is a common strategy adopted by hundreds of plankton species to ensure reproduction and to avoid adverse conditions. During the resting period, these species are normally absent from the water column, and cysts produced in the plankton accumulate in the sediment where they wait for the return of suitable conditions. A portion of the cyst bank does not hatch, instead undergoing a dormancy that may extend for decades. Confined coastal areas accumulate cysts in sediment due to one or more possibilities, including reduced water movement/hydrodynamics, high population density, abundance of cyst-producing species, and the absence or scarcity of possible cyst consumers in the benthos. The pelagic-benthic nexus, which affects both the sediment and the water column (and possibly sea ice) is still poorly understood. In fact, the presence of cysts in the life cycle of organisms is likely to have considerable consequences for the ecology of coastal plankton, as well as the evolution and biogeography of species. This review aims to depict the presence (and even abundance) of resting stages in marine environments and their impact on ecosystem functioning. The review starts with a description of encysted resting stages in all marine planktonic taxa, listing a total of 501 species with known cysts, and methods and tools for their collection and study. The physiology and timing of the rest period is then described for various taxa, followed by a discussion of the evolutionary implications of resting. The presence of encysted stages in different realms and phyla of plankton suggests an ancient origin and a successive diversification of morphologies that, today, roughly characterise each taxa. Ecological and biogeographical implications stem from this general framework and support the hypothesis of seasonal occurrences of planktonic life in ecosystems where productivity is suspended for a long time (e.g. in polar seas). The potential to suspend or resume life has implications for human activities, such as the risk of translocations through ship ballast water and contamination of water and seafood with toxins but also the benefit of cysts for the production of aquaculture feed. The review concludes with perspectives on present knowledge and outstanding questions to address in future studies. |
| Text | 420817 2019 10.1201/9780429026379 Scopus 2 s2.0 85076840233 ISI Web of Science WOS 000535123100002 biologia marina biodiversita plancton stadi di resistenza cicli vitali ecologia marina Resting cysts from coastal marine plankton Belmonte G.; Rubino F. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, Ecotekne, Lecce, 73100, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, Ecotekne, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR IRSA, Unit Talassografico A. Cerruti , via Roma 3, Taranto, 74123, Water Research Institute, Unit Talassografico A. Cerruti , National Research Council, via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy, , Italy Coastal plankton show fluctuations in abundance and species composition. Resting stage cyst production is a common strategy adopted by hundreds of plankton species to ensure reproduction and to avoid adverse conditions. During the resting period, these species are normally absent from the water column, and cysts produced in the plankton accumulate in the sediment where they wait for the return of suitable conditions. A portion of the cyst bank does not hatch, instead undergoing a dormancy that may extend for decades. Confined coastal areas accumulate cysts in sediment due to one or more possibilities, including reduced water movement/hydrodynamics, high population density, abundance of cyst producing species, and the absence or scarcity of possible cyst consumers in the benthos. The pelagic benthic nexus, which affects both the sediment and the water column and possibly sea ice is still poorly understood. In fact, the presence of cysts in the life cycle of organisms is likely to have considerable consequences for the ecology of coastal plankton, as well as the evolution and biogeography of species. This review aims to depict the presence and even abundance of resting stages in marine environments and their impact on ecosystem functioning. The review starts with a description of encysted resting stages in all marine planktonic taxa, listing a total of 501 species with known cysts, and methods and tools for their collection and study. The physiology and timing of the rest period is then described for various taxa, followed by a discussion of the evolutionary implications of resting. The presence of encysted stages in different realms and phyla of plankton suggests an ancient origin and a successive diversification of morphologies that, today, roughly characterise each taxa. Ecological and biogeographical implications stem from this general framework and support the hypothesis of seasonal occurrences of planktonic life in ecosystems where productivity is suspended for a long time e.g. in polar seas . The potential to suspend or resume life has implications for human activities, such as the risk of translocations through ship ballast water and contamination of water and seafood with toxins but also the benefit of cysts for the production of aquaculture feed. The review concludes with perspectives on present knowledge and outstanding questions to address in future studies. 57 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85076840233 origin=inward Belmonte Rubino 2019 OMBAR Review sulle conoscenze del ruolo degli stadi di resistenza nell ecologia del plancton e della struttura delle comunita di questi stadi nelle aree marine costiere. Appendici tassonomiche con le specie planctoniche che producono stadi di resistenza Belmonte Rubino 2019 OMBAR.pdf Articolo in rivista Aberdeen University Press etc., 0078 3218 Oceanography and marine biology Oceanography and marine biology Oceanogr. mar. biol. Oceanography and marine biology. Oceanography and marine biology, an annual review fernando.rubino RUBINO FERNANDO DTA.AD002.135.001 Interazioni bento pelagiche nel controllo della dinamica del plancton marino costiero |
