Scheda di dettaglio – i prodotti della ricerca
| Dato | Valore |
|---|---|
| Title | Metal hydrated-salts as efficient and reusable catalysts for pre-treating waste cooking oils and animal fats for an effective production of biodiesel |
| Abstract | A very efficient chemical pre-treatment method that uses cheap and safe hydrated-salts as catalysts for the conversion of waste cooking oils and animal fats having a high Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) content into an oily feedstock convertible into biodiesel through a conventional route (basic catalysis) was investigated. These hydrated-salts allow FFAs to be efficiently (>99%) esterified with alcohols under very mild conditions (343 K, 2 h). At the end of this treatment, a very convenient separation of products was verified. Two different phases were eventually obtained: an upper alcoholic phase, which contains most of the unreacted alcohol, water obtained by direct-esterification (>95%), and the salt that was used as catalyst (recovery >99%); and a lower oily-phase mainly composed of glycerides, methyl-esters derived from direct-esterification of FFAs (residual acidity of about 0.8 mg KOH/g), and part of unreacted alcohol (7-10%wt). Such a separation was convenient because the oily-phase could be directly trans-esterified through conventional base-catalysis, without any further pre-treatments, thus avoiding production of salty-waste. Also, the alcoholic phase could be recovered and directly re-used for new pre-treatments cycles of fresh waste-oils. A final scheme of the proposed process was discussed and the relevant advantages with respect to conventional routes were highlighted. |
| Source | Renewable energy 143, pp. 1193–1200 |
| Keywords | Biodiesel productionEsterification processFree fatty acidsGreen technologyOils pre-treatmentWaste oil/grease valorization |
| Journal | Renewable energy |
| Editor | Pergamon,, Oxford, Regno Unito |
| Year | 2019 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.100 |
| Authors | di Bitonto, Luigi; Pastore, Carlo |
| Text | 414485 2019 10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.100 Scopus 2 s2.0 85066276740 ISI Web of Science WOS WOS 000482686100016 Biodiesel production Esterification process Free fatty acids Green technology Oils pre treatment Waste oil/grease valorization Metal hydrated salts as efficient and reusable catalysts for pre treating waste cooking oils and animal fats for an effective production of biodiesel di Bitonto, Luigi; Pastore, Carlo Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari A very efficient chemical pre treatment method that uses cheap and safe hydrated salts as catalysts for the conversion of waste cooking oils and animal fats having a high Free Fatty Acids FFAs content into an oily feedstock convertible into biodiesel through a conventional route basic catalysis was investigated. These hydrated salts allow FFAs to be efficiently >99% esterified with alcohols under very mild conditions 343 K, 2 h . At the end of this treatment, a very convenient separation of products was verified. Two different phases were eventually obtained an upper alcoholic phase, which contains most of the unreacted alcohol, water obtained by direct esterification >95% , and the salt that was used as catalyst recovery >99% ; and a lower oily phase mainly composed of glycerides, methyl esters derived from direct esterification of FFAs residual acidity of about 0.8 mg KOH/g , and part of unreacted alcohol 7 10%wt . Such a separation was convenient because the oily phase could be directly trans esterified through conventional base catalysis, without any further pre treatments, thus avoiding production of salty waste. Also, the alcoholic phase could be recovered and directly re used for new pre treatments cycles of fresh waste oils. A final scheme of the proposed process was discussed and the relevant advantages with respect to conventional routes were highlighted. 143 Published version https //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148119307736 Metal hydrated salts as efficient and reusable catalysts for pre treating waste cooking oils and animal fats for an effective production of biodiesel Metal hydrated salts as efficient and reusable catalysts for pre treating waste cooking oils and animal fats for an effective production of biodiesel di Bitonto Renewable Energy 2019.pdf Articolo in rivista Pergamon, 0960 1481 Renewable energy Renewable energy Renew. energy Renewable energy. DI BITONTO LUIGI carlo.pastore PASTORE CARLO TA.P07.001.005 Recupero di risorse da rifiuti e biomasse |