| Abstract | Wedemonstrated that floods can induce severemicrobiological contamination of drinkingwater fromwells and
suggest strategies to better address water safety plans for groundwater drinking supplies. Since 2002, the Italian
Water Research Institute (IRSA) has detected hepatitis A virus, adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus
in water samples fromwells in the Salento peninsula, southern Italy. Perturbations in the ionic strength inwater
flow can initiate strong virus detachments from terra rossa sediments in karst fractures. This study therefore explored
the potential health impacts of prolonged runoff injections in Salento groundwater caused by severe
flooding during October 2018. A mathematicalmodel for virus fate and transport in fractures was applied to determine
the impact of floodwater injection on groundwater quality by incorporating mechanisms that affect
virus attachment/detachment and survival in flowing water at microscale. This model predicted target concentrations
of enteric viruses that can occur unexpectedly inwells at considerable distances (5-8 km) from the runoff
injection site (sinkhole). Subsequently, the health impact of viruses in drinking water supplied from
contaminated wells was estimated during the summer on the Salento coast. Specific unpublished doseresponse
model coefficients were proposed to determine the infection probabilities for Echo-11 and Polio 1 enteroviruses
through ingestion. Themedian (50%) risk of infectionwas estimated at 6.3 · 10-3with an uncertainty
of 23%. The predicted burden of diseases was 4.89 disability adjusted life years per year, i.e., twice the maximum tolerable disease burden. The results highlight the requirement for additional water disinfection treatments in
Salento prior to the distribution of drinking water. Moreover, monthly controls of enteric virus occurrence in
water fromwells should be imposed by a newwater framework directive in semiarid regions because of the vulnerability
of karst carbonate aquifers to prolonged floodwater injections and enteric virus contamination. |
| Text | 400156 2019 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.107 Scopus 2 s2.0 85061804066 ISI Web of Science WOS WOS 000463180700053 Groundwater drinking water quality Flood impact Virus transport model Infection dose response model Health risk impact Human health risk assessment for the occurrence of enteric viruses in drinking water from wells Role of flood runoff injections Masciopinto C.; De Giglio O.; Scrascia M.; Fortunato F.; La Rosa G.; Suffredini E.; Pazzani C.; Prato R.; Montagna M.T. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque IRSA , Reparto di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Acque, Bari, , , Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque IRSA , Reparto di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Acque, Bari, , , Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Universita degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, , Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, , Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita di Foggia, , Italy; Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, , Italy; Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanita Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, , Italy Wedemonstrated that floods can induce severemicrobiological contamination of drinkingwater fromwells and suggest strategies to better address water safety plans for groundwater drinking supplies. Since 2002, the Italian Water Research Institute IRSA has detected hepatitis A virus, adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus in water samples fromwells in the Salento peninsula, southern Italy. Perturbations in the ionic strength inwater flow can initiate strong virus detachments from terra rossa sediments in karst fractures. This study therefore explored the potential health impacts of prolonged runoff injections in Salento groundwater caused by severe flooding during October 2018. A mathematicalmodel for virus fate and transport in fractures was applied to determine the impact of floodwater injection on groundwater quality by incorporating mechanisms that affect virus attachment/detachment and survival in flowing water at microscale. This model predicted target concentrations of enteric viruses that can occur unexpectedly inwells at considerable distances 5 8 km from the runoff injection site sinkhole . Subsequently, the health impact of viruses in drinking water supplied from contaminated wells was estimated during the summer on the Salento coast. Specific unpublished doseresponse model coefficients were proposed to determine the infection probabilities for Echo 11 and Polio 1 enteroviruses through ingestion. Themedian 50% risk of infectionwas estimated at 6.3 · 10 3with an uncertainty of 23%. The predicted burden of diseases was 4.89 disability adjusted life years per year, i.e., twice the maximum tolerable disease burden. The results highlight the requirement for additional water disinfection treatments in Salento prior to the distribution of drinking water. Moreover, monthly controls of enteric virus occurrence in water fromwells should be imposed by a newwater framework directive in semiarid regions because of the vulnerability of karst carbonate aquifers to prolonged floodwater injections and enteric virus contamination. 666 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 85061804066 origin=inward Human health risk assessment for the occurrence of enteric viruses in drinking water from wells Role of flood runoff injections Questo articolo valuta l impatto ritardato sulla salute dell uomo causato da inondazioni. In particolare sono esaminate le cause della contaminazione virale dell acqua prelevata da pozzi del Salento e utilizzata per usi potabili. La contaminazione da virus enterici e stata riscontrata in campionamenti eseguiti durante il 2017 dall Universita di Bari. Le analisi virali sono state eseguite dall Istituto Superiore della Sanita. I dati relativi alle infezioni sono stati reperiti Univ. di Bari e Foggia dai sistemi di sorveglianza delle ASL regionali. L articolo evidenzia come in acquiferi particolarmente vulnerabili come quelli del nostro Salento , variazioni persistenti in forza ionica dell acqua di falda prodotte da inondazioni possono favorire forti distacchi di virus dalle particelle di terra rossa presenti nelle fratture, anche a notevoli distanze fino a 8 km dal punto d immissione in falda vore o doline e quindi dopo un anno o piu dalla data dell evento meteorico. STOTEN_2019_Health Risk.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0048 9697 Science of the total environment Science of the total environment Sci. total environ. costantino.masciopinto MASCIOPINTO COSTANTINO TA.P04.005.010 Metodi, dispositivi di stima dei parametri idrogeologici e modelli matematici |
