| Abstract | A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano-structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre-activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc.) and animal fats (lard and fish oil), but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils (WCOs), highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic (Ea) and thermodynamic parameters of activation (?G? and ?H?) are also studied for transesterification reaction. |
| Text | 400148 2019 10.3390/catal9010071 Scopus 2 s2.0 85060054733 Biodiesel; Transesterification; oil molar ZnO/ionic liquid catalyzed biodiesel production from renewable and waste lipids as feedstocks Casiello M.; Catucci L.; Fracassi F.; Fusco C.; Laurenza A.G.; Di Bitonto L.; Pastore C.; D accolti L.; Nacci A. Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, , Italy; ICCOM CNR, SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy; CNR IRSA, via De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy; CNR IRSA, via De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc. and animal fats lard and fish oil , but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils WCOs , highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic Ea and thermodynamic parameters of activation G and H are also studied for transesterification reaction. 9 Published version http //www.scopus.com/inward/record.url eid=2 s2.0 85060054733 partnerID=q2rCbXpz Article no. 71 Articolo in rivista Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2073 4344 Catalysts Catalysts Catalysts Catalysts. luciadaccolti D ACCOLTI LUCIA angelonacci NACCI ANGELO DI BITONTO LUIGI caterina.fusco FUSCO CATERINA carlo.pastore PASTORE CARLO |
