| Abstract | Diet and lifestyle have a strong influence on gut microbiota, which in turn has important implications on a variety of health-related aspects. Despite great advances in the field, it remains unclear to which extent the composition of the gut microbiota is modulated by the intake of animal derived products, compared to a vegetable based diet. Here the specific impact of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore feeding type on the composition of gut microbiota of 101 adults was investigated among groups homogeneous for variables known to have a role in modulating gut microbial composition such as age, anthropometric variables, ethnicity, and geographic area. The results displayed a picture where the three different dietetic profiles could be well distinguished on the basis of participant's dietetic regimen. Regarding the gut microbiota; vegetarians had a significantly greater richness compared to omnivorous. Moreover, counts of Bacteroidetes related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were greater in vegans and vegetarians compared to omnivores. Interestingly considering the whole bacterial community composition the three cohorts were unexpectedly similar, which is probably due to their common intake in terms of nutrients rather than food, e.g., high fat content and reduced protein and carbohydrate intake. This finding suggests that fundamental nutritional choices such as vegan, vegetarian, or omnivore do influence the microbiota but do not allow to infer conclusions on gut microbial composition, and suggested the possibility for a preferential impact of other variables, probably related to the general life style on shaping human gut microbial community in spite of dietary influence. Consequently, research were individuals are categorized on the basis of their claimed feeding types is of limited use for scientific studies, since it appears to be oversimplified. |
| Text | 398659 2018 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00317 Scopus 2 s2.0 85042801915 ISI Web of Science WOS 000426686800001 Feeding type Gut microbiota Nutritional intake Assessing the influence of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore oriented westernized dietary styles on human gut microbiota A cross sectional study Losasso C.; Eckert E.M.; Mastrorilli E.; Villiger J.; Mancin M.; Patuzzi I.; Di Cesare A.; Cibin V.; Barrucci F.; Pernthaler J.; Corno G.; Ricci A. Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, , Italy; Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council, Verbania, , Italy; Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, , Switzerland; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, , Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, , , Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, , , Italy Diet and lifestyle have a strong influence on gut microbiota, which in turn has important implications on a variety of health related aspects. Despite great advances in the field, it remains unclear to which extent the composition of the gut microbiota is modulated by the intake of animal derived products, compared to a vegetable based diet. Here the specific impact of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore feeding type on the composition of gut microbiota of 101 adults was investigated among groups homogeneous for variables known to have a role in modulating gut microbial composition such as age, anthropometric variables, ethnicity, and geographic area. The results displayed a picture where the three different dietetic profiles could be well distinguished on the basis of participant s dietetic regimen. Regarding the gut microbiota; vegetarians had a significantly greater richness compared to omnivorous. Moreover, counts of Bacteroidetes related operational taxonomic units OTUs were greater in vegans and vegetarians compared to omnivores. Interestingly considering the whole bacterial community composition the three cohorts were unexpectedly similar, which is probably due to their common intake in terms of nutrients rather than food, e.g., high fat content and reduced protein and carbohydrate intake. This finding suggests that fundamental nutritional choices such as vegan, vegetarian, or omnivore do influence the microbiota but do not allow to infer conclusions on gut microbial composition, and suggested the possibility for a preferential impact of other variables, probably related to the general life style on shaping human gut microbial community in spite of dietary influence. Consequently, research were individuals are categorized on the basis of their claimed feeding types is of limited use for scientific studies, since it appears to be oversimplified. 9 Published version http //www.scopus.com/inward/record.url eid=2 s2.0 85042801915 partnerID=q2rCbXpz Articolo 2018_Frontiers_9_317.pdf Articolo in rivista Frontiers Research Foundation, 1664 302X Frontiers in microbiology Frontiers in microbiology Front. microbiol. Frontiers in microbiology gianluca.corno CORNO GIANLUCA estermaria.eckert ECKERT ESTER MARIA |
