| Title | Co-occurrence of toxigenic moulds, AFs, OTA, Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum) and their processed products |
| Abstract | Forty-five samples of a landrace of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) widely cultivated in Basilicata (Italy) were
screened for 17 mycotoxins and potential toxigenic fungal species. Two different LC-MS/MS methods were used
for the determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (FB1
and FB2), nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins and Alternaria mycotoxins altenuene (ALT),
alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TTX) and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Frequency
of potential toxigenic fungal species occurrence was: 87% Aspergillus Sect. Nigri; 58% Aspergillus Sect. Flavi; 38%
Aspergillus Sect. Circumdati; 42% Alternaria spp.; 33% Penicillium spp. and 20% Fusarium spp. Frequency of
mycotoxin occurrence and mean of positives were: 51% OTA, 29.5 µg/kg, 5 samples above the EU limit of 20 µg/kg;
31% aflatoxins, 12.8 µg/kg, two samples above the EU limit of 5 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1; 91% ZEA, 1.4 µg/kg; 78%
FB2, 7.6 µg/kg; 58% FB1, 22.8 µg/kg; 38% NIV, 39.5 µg/kg; 36% DON, 6.9 µg/kg; 20% T-2 toxin, 5.6 µg/kg and 22%
HT-2 toxin, 13.8 µg/kg. For the Alternaria mycotoxins, 100% of samples contained TeA, 4817.9 µg/kg; 93% TTX,
29.7 µg/kg; 56% AOH, 114.4 µg/kg; 33% AME, 13.0 µg/kg and 9% ALT, 61.7 µg/kg. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins
in each sample ranged from 2 to 16 mycotoxins (mean 7). No statistical correlation was found between moulds
and their mycotoxins occurrence. Within the four groups of peppers collected herein (fresh, dried, grounded and
fried) higher percentages of contamination and mycotoxin levels were measured in grounded peppers, whereas
much lower values were observed for fried peppers. The high percentages of positive samples and the high levels
of some mycotoxins observed in this study confirm the susceptibility of peppers to mycotoxin contamination and
claims for an improvement of the conditions used during production and drying process. |
| Source | World mycotoxin journal (Online) |
| Keywords | LC-MS/MSmulti-mycotoxin analysisprocessingdryingtoxigenic fungi |
| Journal | World mycotoxin journal (Online) |
| Editor | Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2018 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.3920/WMJ2017.2271 |
| Authors | Gambacorta Lucia, Magistà Donato, Perrone Giancarlo, Murgolo Sapia, Logrieco Antonio F., Solfrizzo Michele |
| Text | 383457 2018 10.3920/WMJ2017.2271 LC MS/MS multi mycotoxin analysis processing drying toxigenic fungi Co occurrence of toxigenic moulds, AFs, OTA, Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh sweet peppers Capsicum annuum and their processed products Gambacorta Lucia, Magista Donato, Perrone Giancarlo, Murgolo Sapia, Logrieco Antonio F., Solfrizzo Michele Istituto di Scienze dei Prodotti Alimentari ISPA CNR Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque IRSA CNR Forty five samples of a landrace of sweet pepper Capsicum annuum widely cultivated in Basilicata Italy were screened for 17 mycotoxins and potential toxigenic fungal species. Two different LC MS/MS methods were used for the determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A OTA , Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone ZEA , fumonisins FB1 and FB2 , nivalenol NIV , deoxynivalenol DON , T 2 and HT 2 toxins and Alternaria mycotoxins altenuene ALT , alternariol AOH , alternariol monomethyl ether AME , tentoxin TTX and tenuazonic acid TeA . Frequency of potential toxigenic fungal species occurrence was 87% Aspergillus Sect. Nigri; 58% Aspergillus Sect. Flavi; 38% Aspergillus Sect. Circumdati; 42% Alternaria spp.; 33% Penicillium spp. and 20% Fusarium spp. Frequency of mycotoxin occurrence and mean of positives were 51% OTA, 29.5 µg/kg, 5 samples above the EU limit of 20 µg/kg; 31% aflatoxins, 12.8 µg/kg, two samples above the EU limit of 5 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1; 91% ZEA, 1.4 µg/kg; 78% FB2, 7.6 µg/kg; 58% FB1, 22.8 µg/kg; 38% NIV, 39.5 µg/kg; 36% DON, 6.9 µg/kg; 20% T 2 toxin, 5.6 µg/kg and 22% HT 2 toxin, 13.8 µg/kg. For the Alternaria mycotoxins, 100% of samples contained TeA, 4817.9 µg/kg; 93% TTX, 29.7 µg/kg; 56% AOH, 114.4 µg/kg; 33% AME, 13.0 µg/kg and 9% ALT, 61.7 µg/kg. Co occurrence of mycotoxins in each sample ranged from 2 to 16 mycotoxins mean 7 . No statistical correlation was found between moulds and their mycotoxins occurrence. Within the four groups of peppers collected herein fresh, dried, grounded and fried higher percentages of contamination and mycotoxin levels were measured in grounded peppers, whereas much lower values were observed for fried peppers. The high percentages of positive samples and the high levels of some mycotoxins observed in this study confirm the susceptibility of peppers to mycotoxin contamination and claims for an improvement of the conditions used during production and drying process. Published version Co occurrence of toxigenic moulds, AFs, OTA, Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh sweet peppers Capsicum annuum and their processed products Gambacorta et al 2018.pdf Articolo in rivista Wageningen Academic Publishers 1875 0796 World mycotoxin journal Online World mycotoxin journal Online World mycotoxin journal. Online sapia.murgolo MURGOLO SAPIA donato.magista MAGISTA DONATO giancarlo.perrone PERRONE GIANCARLO antoniofrancesco.logrieco LOGRIECO ANTONIO FRANCESCO lucia.gambacorta GAMBACORTA LUCIA michele.solfrizzo SOLFRIZZO MICHELE MycoKey Integrated and innovative key actions for mycotoxin management in the food and feed chain |
