| Title | In situ bioavailability of DDT and Hg in sediments of the Toce River (Lake Maggiore basin, Northern Italy): accumulation in benthic invertebrates and passive samplers |
| Abstract | DDT and mercury (Hg) contamination in the Toce River (Northern Italy) was caused by a factory producing technical DDT and using a mercury-cell chlor-alkali plant. In this study, DDT and Hg contamination and bioavailability were assessed by using different approaches: (1) direct evaluation of sediment contamination, (2) assessment of bioaccumulation in native benthic invertebrates belonging to different taxonomic/functional groups, and (3) evaluation of the in situ bioavailability of DDT and Hg using passive samplers. Sampling sites were selected upstream and downstream the industrial plant along the river axis. Benthic invertebrates (Gammaridae, Heptageniidae, and Diptera) and sediments were collected in three seasons and analyzed for DDT and Hg content and the results were used to calculate the biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). Polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) for DDT and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs) for Hg were deployed in sediments to estimate the concentration of the toxicants in pore water. Analysis for (DDx) were performed using GC-MS. Accuracy was within +/- 30 % of the certified values and precision was > 20 % relative standard deviation (RSD). Total mercury concentrations were determined using an automated Hg mercury analyzer. Precision was > 5 % and accuracy was within +/- 10 % of certified values. The results of all the approaches (analysis of sediment, biota, and passive samplers) showed an increasing contamination from upstream to downstream sites. BSAF values revealed the bioavailability of both contaminants in the study sites, with values up to 49 for DDx and up to 3.1 for Hg. No correlation was found between values in sediments and the organisms. Concentrations calculated using passive samplers were correlated with values in benthic invertebrates, while no correlation was found with concentrations in sediments. Thus, direct analysis of toxicant in sediments does not provide a measurement of bioavailability. On the contrary, analysis of bioaccumulation in benthic organisms provides the most realistic picture of the site-specific bioavailability of DDx and Hg, but this approach is time-consuming and not always feasible. On the other hand, the in situ deployment of passive samplers proved to be a powerful tool, providing a good surrogate measure of bioaccumulation. |
| Source | Environmental science and pollution research international 23 (11), pp. 10542–10555 |
| Keywords | Aquatic invertebratesPassive samplersIn situ bioavailabilityBioaccumulationDDTHg |
| Journal | Environmental science and pollution research international |
| Editor | Springer, Berlin, Germania |
| Year | 2016 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-015-5900-x |
| Authors | Pisanello, Francesca; Marziali, Laura; Rosignoli, Federica; Poma, Giulia; Roscioli, Claudio; Pozzoni, Fiorenzo; Guzzella, Licia |
| Text | 370868 2016 10.1007/s11356 015 5900 x ISI Web of Science WOS 000377021500021 Scopus 2 s2.0 84949487962 Aquatic invertebrates Passive samplers In situ bioavailability Bioaccumulation DDT Hg In situ bioavailability of DDT and Hg in sediments of the Toce River Lake Maggiore basin, Northern Italy accumulation in benthic invertebrates and passive samplers Pisanello, Francesca; Marziali, Laura; Rosignoli, Federica; Poma, Giulia; Roscioli, Claudio; Pozzoni, Fiorenzo; Guzzella, Licia Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy DDT and mercury Hg contamination in the Toce River Northern Italy was caused by a factory producing technical DDT and using a mercury cell chlor alkali plant. In this study, DDT and Hg contamination and bioavailability were assessed by using different approaches 1 direct evaluation of sediment contamination, 2 assessment of bioaccumulation in native benthic invertebrates belonging to different taxonomic/functional groups, and 3 evaluation of the in situ bioavailability of DDT and Hg using passive samplers. Sampling sites were selected upstream and downstream the industrial plant along the river axis. Benthic invertebrates Gammaridae, Heptageniidae, and Diptera and sediments were collected in three seasons and analyzed for DDT and Hg content and the results were used to calculate the biota sediment accumulation factor BSAF . Polyethylene passive samplers PEs for DDT and diffusive gradients in thin films DGTs for Hg were deployed in sediments to estimate the concentration of the toxicants in pore water. Analysis for DDx were performed using GC MS. Accuracy was within / 30 % of the certified values and precision was > 20 % relative standard deviation RSD . Total mercury concentrations were determined using an automated Hg mercury analyzer. Precision was > 5 % and accuracy was within / 10 % of certified values. The results of all the approaches analysis of sediment, biota, and passive samplers showed an increasing contamination from upstream to downstream sites. BSAF values revealed the bioavailability of both contaminants in the study sites, with values up to 49 for DDx and up to 3.1 for Hg. No correlation was found between values in sediments and the organisms. Concentrations calculated using passive samplers were correlated with values in benthic invertebrates, while no correlation was found with concentrations in sediments. Thus, direct analysis of toxicant in sediments does not provide a measurement of bioavailability. On the contrary, analysis of bioaccumulation in benthic organisms provides the most realistic picture of the site specific bioavailability of DDx and Hg, but this approach is time consuming and not always feasible. On the other hand, the in situ deployment of passive samplers proved to be a powerful tool, providing a good surrogate measure of bioaccumulation. 23 Published version https //link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356 015 5900 x paper Pisanello et al15 Hg Toce.pdf Articolo in rivista Springer 0944 1344 Environmental science and pollution research international Environmental science and pollution research international Environ. sci. pollut. res. int. Environmental science and pollution research international. Environmental science and pollution research international Print Environmental science and pollution research Print ESPR Print POZZONI FIORENZO POMA GIULIA PISANELLO FRANCESCA ROSIGNOLI FEDERICA PAOLA liciamaria.guzzella GUZZELLA LICIA MARIA claudiogiovanni.roscioli ROSCIOLI CLAUDIO GIOVANNI laura.marziali MARZIALI LAURA TA.P04.021.007 Diffusione, ripartizione, bioaccumulo e trasformazione di inquinanti in ecosistemi acquatici |
