| Abstract | Artemia spp. is an historically popular biological model still requiring an official internationally based standardization. Several endpoints are currently available. Short-term acute endpoints include biomarker (acetylcholinesterase; heat stress proteins; lipid peroxidation; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; thioredoxin reductase; glutathione-peroxidase; glutathione S-transferase; glutathione reductase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; and adenylpyrophosphatase and Fluotox), hatching (dry biomass, morphological disorders and size), behavioral (swimming speed and path length), teratogenicity (growth), and immobilization (meaning mortality after 5-30 s observation). Long-term chronic tests focus on growth, reproduction and survival or mortality after 7-28 d exposure from larval to adulthood stage. We analyzed each test looking at its endpoint, toxicant and experimental design including replicates, exposure time, number of exposed cysts or organisms and their relative life stage, exposure conditions during hatching and testing (salinity, pH, light intensity, aeration dilution media, and food supply), type of testing chambers, and quality assurance and quality control criteria. Similarities and differences between the identified approaches were highlighted. Results evidenced that hatching 24h short-term and 14 d long-term mortality are the most promising Artemia spp. protocols that should go forward with international standardization. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Text | 368654 2016 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.017 ISI Web of Science WOS 000388785100005 Scopus 2 s2.0 84963544790 Artemia Toxicity test methods Hatching Biomarker Behavioral endpoints Immobilization/mortality and survival A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp. Libralato, G.; Prato, E.; Migliore, L.; Cicero, A. M.; Manfra, L. Univ Ca Foscari Venice; Natl Res Council CNR IAMC; Univ Tor Vergata; Italian Inst Environm Protect Res; Stn Zool Anton Dohrn Artemia spp. is an historically popular biological model still requiring an official internationally based standardization. Several endpoints are currently available. Short term acute endpoints include biomarker acetylcholinesterase; heat stress proteins; lipid peroxidation; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; thioredoxin reductase; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione S transferase; glutathione reductase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; and adenylpyrophosphatase and Fluotox , hatching dry biomass, morphological disorders and size , behavioral swimming speed and path length , teratogenicity growth , and immobilization meaning mortality after 5 30 s observation . Long term chronic tests focus on growth, reproduction and survival or mortality after 7 28 d exposure from larval to adulthood stage. We analyzed each test looking at its endpoint, toxicant and experimental design including replicates, exposure time, number of exposed cysts or organisms and their relative life stage, exposure conditions during hatching and testing salinity, pH, light intensity, aeration dilution media, and food supply , type of testing chambers, and quality assurance and quality control criteria. Similarities and differences between the identified approaches were highlighted. Results evidenced that hatching 24h short term and 14 d long term mortality are the most promising Artemia spp. protocols that should go forward with international standardization. C 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Artemia spp. is an historically popular biological model still requiring an official internationally based standardization. Several endpoints are currently available. Short term acute endpoints include biomarker acetylcholinesterase; heat stress proteins; lipid peroxidation; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; thioredoxin reductase; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione S transferase; glutathione reductase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; and adenylpyrophosphatase and Fluotox , hatching dry biomass, morphological disorders and size , behavioral swimming speed and path length , teratogenicity growth , and immobilization meaning mortality after 5 30 s observation . Long term chronic tests focus on growth, reproduction and survival or mortality after 7 28 d exposure from larval to adulthood stage. We analyzed each test looking at its endpoint, toxicant and experimental design including replicates, exposure time, number of exposed cysts or organisms and their relative life stage, exposure conditions during hatching and testing salinity, pH, light intensity, aeration dilution media, and food supply , type of testing chambers, and quality assurance and quality control criteria. Similarities and differences between the identified approaches were highlighted. Results evidenced that hatching 24 h short term and 14 d long term mortality are the most promising Artemia spp. protocols that should go forward with international standardization. 69 Published version A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp The aim of this review paper is to collect, organize, select and discuss the existing knowledge about Artemia spp. methods Libralato et al., 2016 EI.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier Science Ireland. 1470 160X Ecological indicators Ecological indicators Ecological indicators. ermelinda.prato PRATO ERMELINDA |
