| Title | Recoverable and reusable aluminium solvated species used as a homogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from brown grease |
| Abstract | tHomogeneous aluminium species, obtained by dissolving AlCl3·6H2O into methanol, were characterisedand tested as catalysts into the direct esterification of free fatty acids with methanol. The nature andthe role of this catalyst was further investigated through ESI-MS and FTIR spectroscopy, by revealingan immediate exchange reaction between methanol and the water molecules originally bounded to thealuminium, producing a final mixed methanol-aquo-complex whose reactivity was found to be compa-rable to that of a methanolic solution of hydrogen chloride. Reaction conditions were optimised using thedesirability function applied on the response surface methodology analysis of a Box-Behnken factorialdesign of experiments. By carrying out the reaction at 72oC for 120 min and using a catalyst amount of1.5% (mol of Al respect to fatty acids), almost 94% of the starting acids were converted. At the end of thereaction, a biphasic system was obtained in which the upper methanolic phase, which contained mostof the starting catalyst, was separated from the heaviest phase, mainly composed of fatty acid methylesters. Such a distribution not only allowed the biodiesel to be easily separated, but also the catalystswere efficiently recovered and reused for at least four times, determining a total TON greater than 200,without revealing any loss of its activity. |
| Source | Applied catalysis. A, General (Print) 501, pp. 48–55 |
| Keywords | Al-solvated speciesBiodieselReusabilityWater effectWaste-derived fuels |
| Journal | Applied catalysis. A, General (Print) |
| Editor | Elsevier, Amsterdam, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2015 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.apcata.2015.04.031 |
| Authors | Carlo Pastore, Emanuele Barca, Guido Del Moro, Antonio Lopez, Giuseppe Mininni, Giuseppe Mascolo |
| Text | 359841 2015 10.1016/j.apcata.2015.04.031 Al solvated species Biodiesel Reusability Water effect Waste derived fuels Recoverable and reusable aluminium solvated species used as a homogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from brown grease Carlo Pastore, Emanuele Barca, Guido Del Moro, Antonio Lopez, Giuseppe Mininni, Giuseppe Mascolo CNR IRSA tHomogeneous aluminium species, obtained by dissolving AlCl3·6H2O into methanol, were characterisedand tested as catalysts into the direct esterification of free fatty acids with methanol. The nature andthe role of this catalyst was further investigated through ESI MS and FTIR spectroscopy, by revealingan immediate exchange reaction between methanol and the water molecules originally bounded to thealuminium, producing a final mixed methanol aquo complex whose reactivity was found to be compa rable to that of a methanolic solution of hydrogen chloride. Reaction conditions were optimised using thedesirability function applied on the response surface methodology analysis of a Box Behnken factorialdesign of experiments. By carrying out the reaction at 72oC for 120 min and using a catalyst amount of1.5% mol of Al respect to fatty acids , almost 94% of the starting acids were converted. At the end of thereaction, a biphasic system was obtained in which the upper methanolic phase, which contained mostof the starting catalyst, was separated from the heaviest phase, mainly composed of fatty acid methylesters. Such a distribution not only allowed the biodiesel to be easily separated, but also the catalystswere efficiently recovered and reused for at least four times, determining a total TON greater than 200,without revealing any loss of its activity. 501 Published version Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0926 860X Applied catalysis. A, General Print Applied catalysis. A, General Print Appl. catal., A Gen. Print Applied catalysis. Print emanuele.barca BARCA EMANUELE antonio.lopez LOPEZ ANTONIO giuseppe.mininni MININNI GIUSEPPE carlo.pastore PASTORE CARLO guido.delmoro DEL MORO GUIDO giuseppe.mascolo MASCOLO GIUSEPPE TA.P07.001.005 Recupero di risorse da rifiuti e biomasse |
