| Abstract | Global change, in particular climate change, will affect agriculture worldwide in many ways: increased drought or flooding amplitude and frequency, variable temperature increases,
loss of natural depuration of waters, soil erosion, loss of soil carbon content, invasion by alien species, increased pest events, changes in plant phenology, increased sensitivity of crops to stress and diseases etc. (Fisher et al. 2005; Howden et al. 2007). These anticipated or even already occurring stresses raise concerns about the sustainability of production and the ability of agriculture to feed human populations. All these changes could lead to an increased use of pesticides (Kattwinkel et al. 2011). Moreover, demographic pressure continues to rise, in particular in tropical and sub-tropical
regions, where greater threats to agriculture and food sustainability are anticipated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Easterling et al. 2007).
These trends will certainly lead to mounting conflicts involving water uses (irrigation versus drinking water production or freshwater ecosystem maintenance, sanitation etc.) and food production. This appeals to an "ecologically intensive agriculture" (Griffon 2006), i.e. a sustainable agriculture providing ecosystem services more efficiently than today and causing fewer adverse impacts on the environment
and water resources. With EU Directive 2009/128/EC (EC 2009a) enforcement, requesting Member States to adopt action plans aiming to reduce risks and impacts related to pesticide uses, there will
be a focus in the public and political debates in Europe on achieving a more sustainable use of pesticides. This should consequently lead to a reduction of the risks or impacts of pesticides on the environment. In Europe, there is currently a strong focus on source (including dose) reduction. This approach may nevertheless be too restrictive if the goal is to reduce the agriculture footprint while maintaining or increasing yield. Depending on the chemical properties of pesticides as well as environmental factors, decreasing the amounts of pesticides applied to crops will not automatically produce a
decrease in the risk to non-target species or water supply. How could society meet the challenge of the forthcoming climate change? What adaptations should be envisaged for agriculture/pesticide risk management (RM)? These changes will probably have a profound effect on agricultural systems (crop selection, farming practices etc.) and to a lesser extent influence the fate and effects of chemicals (Schiedek et al. 2007). These questions have been addressed by two European research networks, namely Euraqua (the European Network of Freshwater Research Organisations, http://www.euraqua.org/)
and PEER (Partnership for European Environmental Research, http://www.peer.eu/), which organised a workshop aiming to identify research needs and strategies induced by these questions in October 2011 in Montpellier, France. The workshop's specific goals were to (1) discuss the pesticide risk assessment (RA) approach, its limitations (e.g.spatial scale and multi-stress situations), the connections between
different policies (pesticide regulation and Water Framework Directive), the use of models, (2) review integrated practices and innovative technologies which could or are intended to reduce pesticides' environmental impacts and (3) contribute to the future research and development agenda. This review summarises the workshop discussions. |
| Authors | Babut, Marc; Arts, Gertie H.; Barra Caracciolo, Anna; Carluer, Nadia; Domange, Nicolas; Friberg, Nikolai; Gouy, Veronique; Grung, Merete; Lagadic, Laurent; Martin-Laurent, Fabrice; Mazzella, Nicolas; Pesce, Stephane; Real, Benoit; Reichenberger, Stefan; Roex, Erwin W. M.; Romijn, Kees; Roettele, Manfred; Stenrod, Marianne; Tournebize, Julien; Vernier, Francoise; Vindimian, Eric |
| Text | 340657 2013 10.1007/s11356 013 2004 3 ISI Web of Science WOS 000325811600072 climate change; agriculture; pesticide Pesticide risk assessment and management in a globally changing world report from a European interdisciplinary workshop Babut, Marc; Arts, Gertie H.; Barra Caracciolo, Anna; Carluer, Nadia; Domange, Nicolas; Friberg, Nikolai; Gouy, Veronique; Grung, Merete; Lagadic, Laurent; Martin Laurent, Fabrice; Mazzella, Nicolas; Pesce, Stephane; Real, Benoit; Reichenberger, Stefan; Roex, Erwin W. M.; Romijn, Kees; Roettele, Manfred; Stenrod, Marianne; Tournebize, Julien; Vernier, Francoise; Vindimian, Eric Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626 Villeurbanne, France; Alterra,Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands; Water Research Institute, National Research Council, CNR IRSA, Via Salaria km 29, 300, Rome, Italy; DAST, ONEMA, 5 Square Felix Nadar, 94300 Vincennes, France; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; NIVA, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualite des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA UMR 0985 Ecologie et Sante des Ecosystemes, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; INRA UMR 1347 Agroecologie, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France; Irstea, UR REBX, 50 avenue de Verdun Gazinet, 33612 Cestas, France; ARVALIS Institut du Vegetal, CS 30200, Estrees Mons, 80208 Peronne, France; Footways S.A.S., 10 avenue Buffon, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France; Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands; Bayer SAS Environmental Sciences, 16 rue Jean Marie Leclair, 69009 Lyon, France; Better Decisions, Haverlandhohe 21a, 48249 Dulmen, Germany Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Bioforsk , Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Aas, Norway; Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony, France; Irstea, UR ADBX, 50 avenue de Verdun Gazinet, 33612 Cestas, France; Irstea, SGMO, 361 rue Jean François Breton, 34196 Montpellier, France; Global change, in particular climate change, will affect agriculture worldwide in many ways increased drought or flooding amplitude and frequency, variable temperature increases, loss of natural depuration of waters, soil erosion, loss of soil carbon content, invasion by alien species, increased pest events, changes in plant phenology, increased sensitivity of crops to stress and diseases etc. Fisher et al. 2005; Howden et al. 2007 . These anticipated or even already occurring stresses raise concerns about the sustainability of production and the ability of agriculture to feed human populations. All these changes could lead to an increased use of pesticides Kattwinkel et al. 2011 . Moreover, demographic pressure continues to rise, in particular in tropical and sub tropical regions, where greater threats to agriculture and food sustainability are anticipated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Easterling et al. 2007 . These trends will certainly lead to mounting conflicts involving water uses irrigation versus drinking water production or freshwater ecosystem maintenance, sanitation etc. and food production. This appeals to an ecologically intensive agriculture Griffon 2006 , i.e. a sustainable agriculture providing ecosystem services more efficiently than today and causing fewer adverse impacts on the environment and water resources. With EU Directive 2009/128/EC EC 2009a enforcement, requesting Member States to adopt action plans aiming to reduce risks and impacts related to pesticide uses, there will be a focus in the public and political debates in Europe on achieving a more sustainable use of pesticides. This should consequently lead to a reduction of the risks or impacts of pesticides on the environment. In Europe, there is currently a strong focus on source including dose reduction. This approach may nevertheless be too restrictive if the goal is to reduce the agriculture footprint while maintaining or increasing yield. Depending on the chemical properties of pesticides as well as environmental factors, decreasing the amounts of pesticides applied to crops will not automatically produce a decrease in the risk to non target species or water supply. How could society meet the challenge of the forthcoming climate change What adaptations should be envisaged for agriculture/pesticide risk management RM These changes will probably have a profound effect on agricultural systems crop selection, farming practices etc. and to a lesser extent influence the fate and effects of chemicals Schiedek et al. 2007 . These questions have been addressed by two European research networks, namely Euraqua the European Network of Freshwater Research Organisations, http //www.euraqua.org/ and PEER Partnership for European Environmental Research, http //www.peer.eu/ , which organised a workshop aiming to identify research needs and strategies induced by these questions in October 2011 in Montpellier, France. The workshop s specific goals were to 1 discuss the pesticide risk assessment RA approach, its limitations e.g.spatial scale and multi stress situations , the connections between different policies pesticide regulation and Water Framework Directive , the use of models, 2 review integrated practices and innovative technologies which could or are intended to reduce pesticides environmental impacts and 3 contribute to the future research and development agenda. This review summarises the workshop discussions. 20 Published version Pesticide risk assessment and management in a globally changing world report from a European interdisciplinary workshop articolo pubblicato EnvSciPollutResearch2013.pdf Articolo in rivista Springer 0944 1344 Environmental science and pollution research international Environmental science and pollution research international Environ. sci. pollut. res. int. Environmental science and pollution research international. Environmental science and pollution research international Print Environmental science and pollution research Print ESPR Print anna.barracaracciolo BARRA CARACCIOLO ANNA TA.P04.005.011 Vulnerabilita degli ecosistemi delle acque sotterranee e attenuazione naturale degli inquinanti nel suolo e nel sottosuolo |
