| Authors | Brunetti, Gianluca; Donner, Erica; Laera, Giuseppe; Sekine, Ryo; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Khaksar, Maryam; Vasilev, Krasimir; De Mastro, Giuseppe; Lombi, Enzo |
| Text | 340130 2015 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.003 ISI Web of Science WOS 000355040000007 Scopus 2 s2.0 84959852087 Silver; Zinc oxide; Nanoparticles; Sewer; Fate; Transformations Silver Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Sewer Fate Transformations Fate of zinc and silver engineered nanoparticles in sewerage networks Brunetti, Gianluca; Donner, Erica; Laera, Giuseppe; Sekine, Ryo; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Khaksar, Maryam; Vasilev, Krasimir; De Mastro, Giuseppe; Lombi, Enzo Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70123, Italy; Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Building V, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science DISAAT, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 165/A Via G. Amendola, Bari, 70126, Italy; National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Centre Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224, United States Engineered zinc oxide ZnO and silver Ag nanoparticles NPs used in consumer products are largely released into the environment through the wastewater stream. Limited information is available regarding the transformations they undergo during their transit through sewerage systems before reaching wastewater treatment plants. To address this knowledge gap, laboratory scale systems fed with raw wastewater were used to evaluate the transformation of ZnO and Ag NPs within sewerage transfer networks. Two experimental systems were established and spiked with either Ag and ZnO NPs or with their dissolved salts, and the wastewater influent and effluent samples from both systems were thoroughly characterised. X ray absorption spectroscopy XAS was used to assess the extent of the chemical transformation of both forms of Zn and Ag during transport through the model systems. The results indicated that both ZnO and Ag NPs underwent significant transformation during their transport through the sewerage network. Reduced sulphur species represented the most important endpoint for these NPs in the sewer with slight differences in terms of speciation; ZnO converted largely to Zn sulfide, while Ag was also sorbed to cysteine and histidine. Importantly, both ionic Ag and Ag NPs formed secondary Ag sulfide nanoparticles in the sewerage network as revealed by TEM analysis. Ag cysteine was also shown to be a major species in biofilms. These results were verified in the field using recently developed nanoparticle in situ deployment devices nIDDs which were exposed directly to sewerage network conditions by immersing them into a municipal wastewater network trunk sewer and then retrieving them for XAS analysis. c 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 77 Published version 2015 WR 77, 72 84 Brunetti et al Versione pubblicata dall Editore 2015 WR 77, 72 84 Brunetti et al.pdf Articolo in rivista Pergamon Press. 0043 1354 Water research Oxf. Water research Oxf. Water res. Oxf. Water research. Oxf. giuseppe.laera LAERA GIUSEPPE TA.P07.002.004 Processi biotecnologici e processi a membrana |
