| Title | Evolutionary ecotoxicology of perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) inferred from multigenerational exposure: A case study with Chironomus riparius |
| Abstract | A multigeneration toxicity test on Chironomus riparius was performed with the aim of investigating the evolutionary consequences of exposure to perfluoralkyl substances (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS; perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA; perfluorobutane sulfonate, PFBS). Six-hundred larvae were bred per treatment and per generation until emergence and egg deposition under a nominal concentration of 10. ?g/L of contaminants. Newborn larvae were used to start the next generation. Evolution of genetic variability was evaluated along a total of 10 consecutive generations based on 5 microsatellite loci. Analysis of life-history traits (survival, sex ratio and reproduction) was also carried out. Rapid genetic variability reduction was observed in all treatments, including controls, across generations due to the test conditions. Nevertheless, an increased mutation rate determined a stronger conservation of genetic variability in PFOS and, at minor extent, in PFBS exposed populations compared to controls. No significant effects were induced by exposure to PFOA. Direct mutagenicity or induced stress conditions may be at the base of increased mutation rate, indicating the potential risk of mutational load caused by exposure to PFOS and PFBS. The test provided the opportunity to evaluate the use of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and coalescent approaches in evolutionary ecotoxicology. A weak performance was evidenced for ABC, either in terms of bias or dispersion of effective population sizes and of estimates of mutation rate. On the contrary, coalescent simulations proved the sensitivity of traditional genetic endpoints (i.e. heterozygosity and number of alleles) to the alteration of mutation rate, but not to erosion of genetic effective size. |
| Source | Aquatic toxicology 156, pp. 41–51 |
| Keywords | Chironomus ripariusEvolutionary toxicologyMicrosatellitesMultigenerational testPFASs |
| Journal | Aquatic toxicology |
| Editor | Elsevier, London ;, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2014 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.020 |
| Authors | Stefani, Fabrizio; Rusconi, Marianna; Valsecchi, Sara M.; Marziali, Laura |
| Text | 297184 2014 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.020 Scopus 2 s2.0 84906337645 ISI Web of Science WOS 000345190000006 PubMed 25146235 Chironomus riparius Evolutionary toxicology Microsatellites Multigenerational test PFASs Evolutionary ecotoxicology of perfluoralkyl substances PFASs inferred from multigenerational exposure A case study with Chironomus riparius Stefani, Fabrizio; Rusconi, Marianna; Valsecchi, Sara M.; Marziali, Laura Water Research Institute National Research Council IRSA CNR , via del Mulino 19, Brugherio, MB, Italy A multigeneration toxicity test on Chironomus riparius was performed with the aim of investigating the evolutionary consequences of exposure to perfluoralkyl substances perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS; perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA; perfluorobutane sulfonate, PFBS . Six hundred larvae were bred per treatment and per generation until emergence and egg deposition under a nominal concentration of 10. g/L of contaminants. Newborn larvae were used to start the next generation. Evolution of genetic variability was evaluated along a total of 10 consecutive generations based on 5 microsatellite loci. Analysis of life history traits survival, sex ratio and reproduction was also carried out. Rapid genetic variability reduction was observed in all treatments, including controls, across generations due to the test conditions. Nevertheless, an increased mutation rate determined a stronger conservation of genetic variability in PFOS and, at minor extent, in PFBS exposed populations compared to controls. No significant effects were induced by exposure to PFOA. Direct mutagenicity or induced stress conditions may be at the base of increased mutation rate, indicating the potential risk of mutational load caused by exposure to PFOS and PFBS. The test provided the opportunity to evaluate the use of approximate Bayesian computation ABC and coalescent approaches in evolutionary ecotoxicology. A weak performance was evidenced for ABC, either in terms of bias or dispersion of effective population sizes and of estimates of mutation rate. On the contrary, coalescent simulations proved the sensitivity of traditional genetic endpoints i.e. heterozygosity and number of alleles to the alteration of mutation rate, but not to erosion of genetic effective size. 156 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 84906337645 origin=inward Aquatic Toxicology 156 2014 41 51 25/07/2014 Evolutionary ecotoxicology of perfluoralkyl substances PFASs inferred from multigenerational exposure A case study with Chironomus riparius Full text Stefani_et_al_Aquatic_Toxicol_2014.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0166 445X Aquatic toxicology Aquatic toxicology Aquat. toxicol. RUSCONI MARIANNA laura.marziali MARZIALI LAURA fabrizio.stefani STEFANI FABRIZIO saramaria.valsecchi VALSECCHI SARA MARIA TA.P04.021.007 Diffusione, ripartizione, bioaccumulo e trasformazione di inquinanti in ecosistemi acquatici |
