| Title | Sources and fate of perfluorinated compounds in the aqueous environment and in drinking water of a highly urbanized and industrialized area in Italy |
| Abstract | Perfluorinated substances are listed among emerging contaminants because they are globally distributed, environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative and potentially harmful. In a three-year monitoring campaign (2010-2013) we investigated the occurrence, sources and fate of nine perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids and three perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids, in the most industrialized region of Italy. Composite samples were collected in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in the main rivers flowing through the basin, and in raw groundwater and finished drinking water. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Perfluorinated substances were not removed in WWTPs and those receiving industrial wastes discharged up to 50 times the loads of WWTPs receiving municipal wastes. The mass balance of the emissions in the River Lambro basin showed continuously increasing contamination from north to south and differences in the composition of homologues in the west and east sides of the basin. Ground and drinking water were contaminated in industrial areas, but these substances were removed well in Milan. Contamination from industrial sources was prevalent over urban sources, contributing to 90% of the loads measured at the closure of the basin. The River Lambro was confirmed as one of the main sources of contamination in the Po River. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Source | Journal of hazardous materials (Print) 282, pp. 51–60 |
| Keywords | Aqueous environmentDrinking waterMass spectrometryPerfluoroalkyl substancesWastewater |
| Journal | Journal of hazardous materials (Print) |
| Editor | Elsevier, New York ;, Paesi Bassi |
| Year | 2015 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.007 |
| Authors | Castiglioni, Sara; Valsecchi, Sara M.; Polesello, Stefano; Rusconi, Marianna; Melis, Manuela; Palmiotto, Marinella; Manenti, Angela; Dávoli, Enrico; Zuccato, Ettore |
| Text | 297166 2015 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.007 ISI Web of Science WOS 000346213400008 Scopus 2 s2.0 84921925105 Aqueous environment Drinking water Mass spectrometry Perfluoroalkyl substances Wastewater Sources and fate of perfluorinated compounds in the aqueous environment and in drinking water of a highly urbanized and industrialized area in Italy Castiglioni, Sara; Valsecchi, Sara M.; Polesello, Stefano; Rusconi, Marianna; Melis, Manuela; Palmiotto, Marinella; Manenti, Angela; Davoli, Enrico; Zuccato, Ettore IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy; IRSA CNR Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio MB, Italy; Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A., Area Acquedotto, Via Giuseppe Meda 44, 20141 Milan, Italy Perfluorinated substances are listed among emerging contaminants because they are globally distributed, environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative and potentially harmful. In a three year monitoring campaign 2010 2013 we investigated the occurrence, sources and fate of nine perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids and three perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids, in the most industrialized region of Italy. Composite samples were collected in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants WWTPs , in the main rivers flowing through the basin, and in raw groundwater and finished drinking water. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Perfluorinated substances were not removed in WWTPs and those receiving industrial wastes discharged up to 50 times the loads of WWTPs receiving municipal wastes. The mass balance of the emissions in the River Lambro basin showed continuously increasing contamination from north to south and differences in the composition of homologues in the west and east sides of the basin. Ground and drinking water were contaminated in industrial areas, but these substances were removed well in Milan. Contamination from industrial sources was prevalent over urban sources, contributing to 90% of the loads measured at the closure of the basin. The River Lambro was confirmed as one of the main sources of contamination in the Po River. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 282 Published version http //www.scopus.com/record/display.url eid=2 s2.0 84902931753 origin=inward articolo 2015_Castiglioni_J_Hazard_Mater_PFAS_Milano_.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier 0304 3894 Journal of hazardous materials Print Journal of hazardous materials Print J. hazard. mater. Print Journal of hazardous materials. Print mariannarusconi RUSCONI MARIANNA stefano.polesello POLESELLO STEFANO saramaria.valsecchi VALSECCHI SARA MARIA |
