| Title | Salmonella in surface and drinking water: occurrence and water-mediated transmission |
| Abstract | Salmonella is one of the leading causes of intestinal illness all over the world as well as the etiological agent of more severe systemic diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. While water is known to be a common vehicle for the transmission of typhoidal Salmonella serovars, non-typhoidal salmonellae are mainly known as foodborne pathogens. This paper provides a brief review of the last ten years of peer reviewed publications on the prevalence of Salmonella in natural freshwaters and drinking waters, and on the relevance of these sources for Salmonella dissemination. In industrialized countries, Salmonella was rarely reported in water-borne outbreaks despite it being frequently detected in surface waters including recreational waters and waters used for irrigation or as a drinking water source. Consistent contamination with irrigation waters has been shown to be a common route of crop contamination in produces related Salmonella outbreaks. Multiple drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, that represent an increased hazard for human health and that may contribute to the dissemination of drug resistances were also detected in surface water in developed countries. Surface runoff was shown to play a main role as driver of Salmonella load in surface waters. Accordingly, analysis of serovars indicated a mixed human and animal origin of Salmonella contribution to surface waters, emphasizing the role of wild life animals in water contamination. Data relating to Salmonella prevalence in surface and drinking water in developing countries are quite rare. Nevertheless, data on water-borne outbreaks as well as case control studies investigating the risk factors for endemic typhoid fever confirmed the relevance of water as source for the transmission of this disease. In addition epidemiological studies and Salmonella surveys, consistently provided an undeniable evidence of the relevance of MDR Salmonella Typhi strains in water-borne typhoid fever in developing countries. |
| Source | Food research international 45 (2), pp. 587–602 |
| Keywords | Water-borne outbreaksSalmonellasurface waterdrinking water |
| Journal | Food research international |
| Editor | Elsevier Applied Science on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology,, Barking, Regno Unito |
| Year | 2012 |
| Type | Articolo in rivista |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.037 |
| Authors | Levantesi C., Bonadonna L., Briancesco R., Grohmann E., Toze S., Tandoi V. |
| Text | 229569 2012 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.037 Water borne outbreaks Salmonella surface water drinking water Salmonella in surface and drinking water occurrence and water mediated transmission Levantesi C., Bonadonna L., Briancesco R., Grohmann E., Toze S., Tandoi V. Water Research Institute, CNR, via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Hygiene of Internal Water Unit, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299 00161, Rome, Italy Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany CSIRO EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia Received 16 March 2011Accepted 23 June 2011Available online 1 July 2011 Salmonella is one of the leading causes of intestinal illness all over the world as well as the etiological agent of more severe systemic diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. While water is known to be a common vehicle for the transmission of typhoidal Salmonella serovars, non typhoidal salmonellae are mainly known as foodborne pathogens. This paper provides a brief review of the last ten years of peer reviewed publications on the prevalence of Salmonella in natural freshwaters and drinking waters, and on the relevance of these sources for Salmonella dissemination. In industrialized countries, Salmonella was rarely reported in water borne outbreaks despite it being frequently detected in surface waters including recreational waters and waters used for irrigation or as a drinking water source. Consistent contamination with irrigation waters has been shown to be a common route of crop contamination in produces related Salmonella outbreaks. Multiple drug resistant MDR Salmonella strains, that represent an increased hazard for human health and that may contribute to the dissemination of drug resistances were also detected in surface water in developed countries. Surface runoff was shown to play a main role as driver of Salmonella load in surface waters. Accordingly, analysis of serovars indicated a mixed human and animal origin of Salmonella contribution to surface waters, emphasizing the role of wild life animals in water contamination. Data relating to Salmonella prevalence in surface and drinking water in developing countries are quite rare. Nevertheless, data on water borne outbreaks as well as case control studies investigating the risk factors for endemic typhoid fever confirmed the relevance of water as source for the transmission of this disease. In addition epidemiological studies and Salmonella surveys, consistently provided an undeniable evidence of the relevance of MDR Salmonella Typhi strains in water borne typhoid fever in developing countries. 45 Published version http //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996911004169 Salmonella in surface and drinking water occurrence and water mediated transmission pdf pubblicazione 2012_levantesi_et_al_salmonella_review 0.pdf Articolo in rivista Elsevier Applied Science on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology, 0963 9969 Food research international Food research international Food res. int. Food research international. caterina.levantesi LEVANTESI CATERINA TA.P07.017.001 Caratterizzazione di biomasse per l ottimizzazione dei processi biologici |
