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DatoValore
TitleToxicity assessment of Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata (Dinophyta) isolated from the northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea).
AbstractIn many coastal areas the abundant proliferation of microalgae producing biotoxins determines the occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Their presence in temperate waters is well documented and often associated with marine toxin-derived disease. The occurrence and toxicity of three harmful microalgae (Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata) from the northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) is hereby reported. The three dinoflagellates were sampled both on macroalgae and water and their morphology and occurrence were compared to those of other Mediterranean sites. The toxicity of the three cultured strains was tested by Artemia salina and hemolysis tests and their effects on the first stages of the sea urchin development was also evaluated. The contemporary presence of the three species inhibited the in vitro sea urchin embryonic development. But this action could be ascribed to the sole Ostreopsis as the addition of the single species to the sea urchins embryos evidenced no effects in presence of Amphidinium or Coolia cells, and an irregular segmentation in presence of Ostreopsis. In particular, this latter species exerted a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner, with a production of deformed embryos even at very low cell concentration (42 cells mL-1). Nevertheless, when algal cell lysate was added, some effects on the sea urchin development was detected for each dinoflagellate, and also in this case Ostreopsis has proved to be the most toxic species. However, the lysate of Amphidinium and Ostreopsis strongly affects the Artemia salina naupli vitality, while the hemolytic activity was very low for Amphidinium and Coolia lysate and very strong for Ostreopsis. Our results highlight the importance to monitoring the presence of these dinoflagellates whose effects may also be reflected on the recruitment of marine organisms, specially those species that are important from both an ecological and economic point of view, as the sea urchins are.
SourceToxicon (Oxf.) 60 (6), pp. 1203–1214
KeywordsArtemia salinaharmful algaelethality testsea urchin bioassaynorthern Ionian Sea
JournalToxicon (Oxf.)
EditorPergamon,, Oxford, Regno Unito
Year2012
TypeArticolo in rivista
DOI10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.005
AuthorsPagliara P., Caroppo C.
Text188015 2012 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.005 Artemia salina harmful algae lethality test sea urchin bioassay northern Ionian Sea Toxicity assessment of Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata Dinophyta isolated from the northern Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea . Pagliara P., Caroppo C. 1 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Tecnologies University of Salento, via Prov. Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. 2 National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy. In many coastal areas the abundant proliferation of microalgae producing biotoxins determines the occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms HABs . Their presence in temperate waters is well documented and often associated with marine toxin derived disease. The occurrence and toxicity of three harmful microalgae Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata from the northern Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea is hereby reported. The three dinoflagellates were sampled both on macroalgae and water and their morphology and occurrence were compared to those of other Mediterranean sites. The toxicity of the three cultured strains was tested by Artemia salina and hemolysis tests and their effects on the first stages of the sea urchin development was also evaluated. The contemporary presence of the three species inhibited the in vitro sea urchin embryonic development. But this action could be ascribed to the sole Ostreopsis as the addition of the single species to the sea urchins embryos evidenced no effects in presence of Amphidinium or Coolia cells, and an irregular segmentation in presence of Ostreopsis. In particular, this latter species exerted a cytotoxic effect in a dose dependent manner, with a production of deformed embryos even at very low cell concentration 42 cells mL 1 . Nevertheless, when algal cell lysate was added, some effects on the sea urchin development was detected for each dinoflagellate, and also in this case Ostreopsis has proved to be the most toxic species. However, the lysate of Amphidinium and Ostreopsis strongly affects the Artemia salina naupli vitality, while the hemolytic activity was very low for Amphidinium and Coolia lysate and very strong for Ostreopsis. Our results highlight the importance to monitoring the presence of these dinoflagellates whose effects may also be reflected on the recruitment of marine organisms, specially those species that are important from both an ecological and economic point of view, as the sea urchins are. 60 Toxcon_2012 Toxicon_2012.pdf Articolo in rivista Pergamon, 0041 0101 Toxicon Oxf. Toxicon Oxf. Toxicon Oxf. Toxicon. Oxf. carmela.caroppo CAROPPO CARMELA TA.P04.002.001 Fascia Costiera e Ambienti di Transizione analisi strutturale e funzionale delle componenti biotiche ed abiotiche degli ecosistemi per lo sviluppo sostenibile delle attivita TA.P04.029.002 Utilizzazione di biomasse e sostanze attive da organismi marini biotecnologie per loo sviluppo di nuovi bio materiali e composti bioattivi