| Text | 159575 2005 Climatological data BARCA E., PASSARELLA G., VURRO M. Emanuele Barca, Giuseppe Passarella and Michele Vurro IRSA Climatology is the branch of meteorology dealing with climate formation, the distribution of climates over the globe, the analysis of the causes of differences in climate physical climatology , and the application of climatic data to the solution of specific design or operational problems applied climatology . In a similar way, meteorology is concerned with the atmosphere and its phenomena, including its structure, properties, and physical processes American Meteorological Society, 1959 . The main difference between the two disciplines is that meteorology describes the day to day state of the atmosphere, and its short term variation from minutes to weeks , whereas climatology is a collection of statistical meteorological information that describes the variation of weather at a given place and for a specified time interval, in general 30 years American Meteorological Society, 1959 , plus statistics of weather extremes. The basic atmospheric phenomena, which climatology and meteorology are interested in, are listed in Table 3.1. They play a primary role in several critical natural processes, particularly in all the processes concerning water resource assessment and hydrological modelling. The selected variables are those that best quantify the intensity of climatic phenomena in relation to water resource assessment. The required frequency and density of meteorological observations are strongly dependent on the scale of analysis to be performed. For this reason meteorological organisations sometimes distinguish between analyses at meso scale and macro scale. These terms are also used in this chapter. Meso scale refers to studies with a time resolution of minutes to a day and areas from a hundred to several thousands of square kilometers. Macro scale refers to analysis with a time resolution of days or coarser and regions larger than 10 thousand square kilometers. In this chapter, each section starts with a description of the uncertainty code and the type of empirical uncertainty associated with the variable in question. Then, it lists the users most likely to be interested in the specific variable, followed by suggestions with regard to time/space measurement scale and to instrument precision and accuracy. Finally, every section ends with a sketch of the state of the art of variable uncertainty characterisation, followed by several literature references. A useful reference presenting all the variables and related statistical tools is Maidment 1993 . Guidelines for assessing data uncertainty in river basin management studies E. van Loon, University of Amsterdam UVA J.C. Refsgaard, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland GEUS 87 7871 150 9 http //harmonirib.geus.info/xpdf/d_2 1_guidelines.pdf Realizzato nell ambito del Progetto HarmoniRiB Harmonized Techniques and Representative River Basin Data for Assessment and Use of Uncertainty Information in Integrated Water Management EU contract EVK1 CT 2002 00109 , finanziato dalla UE, nell ambito del V Programma Quadro. Capitolo Climatological data Realizzato nell ambito del Progetto HarmoniRiB Harmonized Techniques and Representative River Basin Data for Assessment and Use of Uncertainty Information in Integrated Water Management EU contract EVK1 CT 2002 00109 , finanziato dalla UE, nell ambito del V Programma Quadro. INT_Contributo_in_Volume_08.pdf Contributo in volume emanuele.barca BARCA EMANUELE giuseppe.passarella PASSARELLA GIUSEPPE michele.vurro VURRO MICHELE TA.P04.005.008 Integrazione di metodologie per il monitoraggio e la modellizzazione per la gestione delle risorse idriche |
